Antimycobacterium, anticancer, and antiviral properties of probiotics: An overview

SARS-CoV-2 microbiome dysbiosis linked disorders and possible probiotics role

“…Moreover, there is an increased production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-a, C-reactive protein, IL-1b, IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and LDH observed in COVID-19 which were found responsible for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), arrhythmia, and shock [ 2 ]. A range of available probiotics works to decrease inflammation by alleviating these inflammatory mediators [ [101] , [102] , [103] ], which seems to be effective in COVID-19. Besides, the role of macrophages in hyper inflammation during COVID-19 pathogenesis cannot be ignored [ 101 ], which can also be lessened through the use of probiotics to some extent [ 102 , 103 ].…”

“…A range of available probiotics works to decrease inflammation by alleviating these inflammatory mediators [ [101] , [102] , [103] ], which seems to be effective in COVID-19. Besides, the role of macrophages in hyper inflammation during COVID-19 pathogenesis cannot be ignored [ 101 ], which can also be lessened through the use of probiotics to some extent [ 102 , 103 ]. It is expected that supplementation with appropriate probiotics may colonize the gut with the selected therapeutic bacterial strain, which can then spread to other parts of the body or extra-digestive sites and may enhance immunity against viral infections.…”

Novel Insights into the Role of Probiotics in Respiratory Infections, Allergies, Cancer, and Neurological Abnormalities

“…Among the other postulated probiotic mechanisms engaged in host protection or amelioration of viral respiratory diseases, the major roles are reported to: reinforce and protect the mucosal barrier; to stimulate the formation of antimicrobial compounds (e.g., H 2 O 2 , lactic acid, bacteriocins, mucins, coagulation molecules); protect against antioxidative stress; reduce chloride production; intervene in the adhesive and replication processes; regulate adaptive, mucosal (toll-like receptors (TLR), T-lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)) and innate immune responses (immunoglobulins, interleukins and Th1/Th2); to reduce the viral entry into mammalian host cells by trapping or binding to virus particles (virions) [ 12 , 16 , 28 , 29 ]. Probiotics with the potential to impact the immune system are also known as immunobiotics, and previously described investigations have proposed to influence respiratory immunity through the amelioration of IFNs production, the ability to increase mucosal and systemic antibodies in lungs, and to raise the levels and performance of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T-cells, and NK cells [ 12 , 30 ].…”

Probiotic lactobacilli: Can be a remediating supplement for pandemic COVID-19. A review

“…As a therapeutic solution is lingering for COVID-19, attention is focussed on effective nutritional therapy. Several recent reviews highlighted probiotics as an adjunct alternative among the therapies available for the treatment to overcome the new coronavirus ( Akour, 2020 ; Aarti et al, 2020 , Liisa et al, 2020 ). Also, L. gasseri plays a role in purine management as an adjuvant nutritional therapy to help COVID treatment weaken viral replication ( Morais et al, 2020 ).…”