Epidemiology and surveillance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in Latin America

Abstract

Surveillance systems monitoring the spread and divergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are critical if preventive and therapeutic measures targeting MRSA infection are to be employed optimally. Surveillance provides information on the spread of MRSA, on the emergence of new strains within hospitals and communities, on the antibiotic resistance profile and virulence of strains, and on the risk factors associated with infection. These data help clinicians to provide appropriate empiric treatment of infections circulating in their region, leading to improved patient outcomes. While information on MRSA epidemiology in Latin America is growing, significant gaps exist in the available data, especially in local areas where fewer resources are available for characterizing and reporting MRSA strains. Here, we describe current knowledge of healthcare-and community-associated MRSA epidemiology in the region, and provide recommendations for future development of surveillance systems with a view to providing robust data at regional, national and local levels.

Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns at a Private Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen

“…7 CODEN (USA): UJPRA3 nosocomial rates of infection 7 .The results of current study showed that there were highly susceptible to newer drugs such as linezolid. This finding differs from a study done by Arian poor et al in Iran which showed 5.5% of MRSA isolates were resistant to linezolid 19 .…”

“…Another important element was that emergence of resistance to vancomycin, although at a low level has been documented 6 . Significantly, the Netherlands and countries in the Scandinavian region, had maintained low rates of MRSA infection due to strict infection control practices 7 . The problem of MRSA continues to increase and the rising colonization rates lead to the increasing of infection rates in the public and in hospitals.…”

“…Appropriate selection of empiric antibiotics for infections, depending on local circulating pathogens, can lead to good patient outcomes. So, epidemiologic information collected through ongoing surveillance is important to support clinicians and infection control committees to prevent and treat infection 7 .The hospitals of different sizes were facing the problem of MRSA. In addition, the problem of MRSA appears to be increasing regardless the size of hospital and its control measures for MRSA 8 .…”

In Vitro Evaluation of Isolated Staphylococcal-bacteriophage in Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…MRSA isolates from hospital settings has been gradually increasing in the United States and other parts of the world. Depending on the study area and sample size, high rate of MRSA rates (>50%) have been reported in USA, Asia and Malta, intermediate rate (25-50%) reported in Africa, China and Europe while in some part of Europe, the prevalence rate is relatively lower than 50% (Mejìa et al, 2010). Stafeni et al (2012) compiled the prevalence rates of HA-MRSA in some European countries like France, Ireland and UK and reported decline in hospital cases.…”

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance and virulence

“…MRSA is one of the most parlous pathogens, responsible for a great number of human infections all around the world (2)(3)(4)(5) (Figure 1). From the 1980s, new strains of MRSA emerged which led to continuous pandemic infections of MRSA around the world.…”