Phenotypic detection and occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at a tertiary Hospital in Trinidad &amp; Tobago

Akpaka, Patrick Eberechi; Swanston, William H.

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702008000600014

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our results agree with other studies that also found a high frequency of microorganisms isolated from urine 1,22 . However, in a study of various regions of Brazil, most ESBL-producing bacteria were isolated from blood and the respiratory tract 6 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Nosocomial infection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Northeast Brazil

Abreu

Marques

Monteiro-Neto

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that degrade β-lactam antibiotics and have been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infection in worldwide. Methods: During 2009, 659 enterobacteria strains were isolated from different clinical specimens and tested for ESBL production. The disk approximation test, combined disk method and addition of clavulanic acid were used for phenotypic detection of the ESBL-producing strains and PCR for detection of the bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes. Results: Among the isolates, 125 were ESBL producers. The bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes were detected in 90.4% and 75% of the strains, respectively. Most strains were isolated from urine. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent organism. Microorganisms presented high resistance to the antibiotics. Conclusions: These results support the need for extending ESBL detection methods to different pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family because these methods are only currently standardized by the CLSI for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus mirabilis. Carbapenems were the antibiotic class of choice for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Nosocomial infection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Northeast Brazil

Abreu

Marques

Monteiro-Neto

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Shahid et al [22] reported findings similar to those of the present study: 38.4% of the isolates in their study were positive for bla genes, and the bla TEM gene was more prevalent than the bla SHV gene. In another study, the prevalence of bla TEM , bla CTX-M and bla SHV genes among E. coli isolates were 100%, 37.5% and 4.1% respectively [24]. The incidence of ESBL-producing isolates from 2002 to 2010 increased from 9.2% to 21.2%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…bla TEM and bla SHV genes, which are commonly found in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, confer resistance to a broad spectrum of beta lactam antibiotics and are a significant therapeutic concern for infections caused by many species of gram-negative bacteria [20][21][22][23]. At the same time, the epidemiology of ESBL-producing E coli is complicated and varies among hospitals and countries [24]. There are alarming trends of associated resistance to other classes of antimicrobial drugs among ESBL-producing organisms isolated from the community [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Beta Lactamase Genes in Escherichia Coli Phylotypes Isolated from Diarrhea and UTI Cases in Northwest Iran

Hemati¹,

Ghanbarpour²,

Alizade³

2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are a common cause of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections, especially in developing countries. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL S ), a heterogeneous group of plasmidencoded beta-lactamases, are common throughout the world. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBL S produced by E. coli isolates taken from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infections (UTI) in northwest Iran. Material and Methods. A total of 132 E. coli isolates (92 isolates from UTI and 40 isolates from diarrheic cases) were recovered and confirmed by biochemical tests. The isolates were examined for bla TEM and bla SHV genes and phylogenetic background by two multiplex PCR assays. The isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nine antibiotic agents by the disk diffusion method. Results. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the UTI isolates mostly fell into phylo-group B2, followed by D, while the diarrheic isolates belonged to phylo-groups D and A. Out of 92 UTI isolates, 29.3% and 17.4% possessed bla TEM and bla SHV genes, respectively. Ten diarrheic isolates were positive for bla TEM, two isolates possessed the bla SHV gene, and one isolate was positive for both genes. The UTI isolates that were positive for bla TEM and bla SHV genes mostly belonged to phylo-groups D and B2, whereas the diarrhea isolates were in phylo-groups D and A. Phylogenetic group D isolates have an accumulation of ESBL S genes in the diarrheic and UTI isolates. In both the UTI and diarrhea isolates, the maximum rate of resistance was against cefazolin, and the minimum rate of resistance was against nitrofurantoin. Twenty-four antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the isolates. The amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefazolin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance pattern was the most prevalent in the isolates that belonged to phylo-group D. Conclusions. The correct choice of effective antibiotic policy is needed to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 4, 523-529).

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“…4 Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are a class of beta-lactamase enzymes; its diagnosis is particularly important in the treatment of infections and prevalence of antibiotic resistance. 11 These enzymes cause complete hydrolysis of oxyimino beta-lactams, which are present in structures of third-generation cephalosporins. 12 The production of ESBLs in bacteria not only reduce the effectiveness of treatment with beta-lactams, especially broadspectrum cephalosporins and monobactams, but also can lead to development of multiple resistance to other antimicrobial agents such as aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, which are widely used for treatment of infections caused by bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Mansury

Khaledi²,

Ghazvini³

et al. 2018

Exp Clin Transplant

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Objectives: Over the past 2 decades, significant advances have been made in the management of infections after transplant; however, transplant recipients are still at high risk of infectious complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in kidney transplant recipients. Conclusions:Because of the high prevalence of infection among transplant patients, infection prevention should receive more attention, and antibiotic susceptibility should be determined before treatment. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Renal transplantation IntroductionOne of the primary and major aims in organ transplant is the effective prevention and treatment of infections. During the previous 2 decades, significant advances have been made in the management of infection after transplant. However, transplant recipients are still at high risk of infectious complications, due to the surgical interventions, immunosuppressive therapy, and exposure to the environment. 1 In transplant patients, there are generally 3 times the incidences of infections after transplant, which are usually divided as those that occur during the first month posttransplant, those that occur 2 to 6 months posttransplant, and those that occur more than 6 months posttransplant.Most infections in the first month, especially the first 2 weeks after transplant, occur in relation to technical and operative factors. These infections include pneumonia, wound infection, those related to intravenous catheter, and urinary tract infection. 2 In addition are complications that result from infections causing the death of organ transplant recipients and in some cases organ transplant rejections, especially infections that are caused by drug-resistant bacteria. [2][3][4] Urinary tract infections are the most common problem after kidney transplant. Almost 70% of these infections are caused by gramnegative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. 4 In addition to gram-negative bacteria, some gram-positive bacteria, including

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Phenotypic detection and occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at a tertiary Hospital in Trinidad & Tobago

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Nosocomial infection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Northeast Brazil

Nosocomial infection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Northeast Brazil

The Distribution of Beta Lactamase Genes in Escherichia Coli Phylotypes Isolated from Diarrhea and UTI Cases in Northwest Iran

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