The Distribution of Beta Lactamase Genes in Escherichia Coli Phylotypes Isolated from Diarrhea and UTI Cases in Northwest Iran

Abstract

Background. Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are a common cause of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections, especially in developing countries. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL S ), a heterogeneous group of plasmidencoded beta-lactamases, are common throughout the world. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBL S produced by E. coli isolates taken from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infections (UTI) in northwest Iran. Material and Methods. A total of 132 E. coli isolates (92 isolates from UTI and 40 isolates from diarrheic cases) were recovered and confirmed by biochemical tests. The isolates were examined for bla TEM and bla SHV genes and phylogenetic background by two multiplex PCR assays. The isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nine antibiotic agents by the disk diffusion method. Results. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the UTI isolates mostly fell into phylo-group B2, followed by D, while the diarrheic isolates belonged to phylo-groups D and A. Out of 92 UTI isolates, 29.3% and 17.4% possessed bla TEM and bla SHV genes, respectively. Ten diarrheic isolates were positive for bla TEM, two isolates possessed the bla SHV gene, and one isolate was positive for both genes. The UTI isolates that were positive for bla TEM and bla SHV genes mostly belonged to phylo-groups D and B2, whereas the diarrhea isolates were in phylo-groups D and A. Phylogenetic group D isolates have an accumulation of ESBL S genes in the diarrheic and UTI isolates. In both the UTI and diarrhea isolates, the maximum rate of resistance was against cefazolin, and the minimum rate of resistance was against nitrofurantoin. Twenty-four antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the isolates. The amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefazolin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance pattern was the most prevalent in the isolates that belonged to phylo-group D. Conclusions. The correct choice of effective antibiotic policy is needed to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 4, 523-529).

Characterization of Vaginal Escherichia coli Isolated from Pregnant Women in Two Different African Sites

“…Treating infections in LMICs adequately is challenging, because of the increasing resistance to first line treatments. This is due to the extended use and misuse of antibiotics [ 14 – 15 ],[ 28 ], the prohibitive costs in such settings of alternative choices such as cephalosporins [ 29 ] and the limited antibiotic stock available in these areas [ 30 ]. Our isolates showed remarkably low antimicrobial resistance levels compared to ExPEC isolates from other studies carried out in several African countries [ 14 – 15 ].…”

Phylogenetic Group Distribution of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Related Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

“…Based on our comprehensive search, 28 studies with eligibility criteria (Figure 1) were included in the meta-analysis (Ramos et al, 2011;Navidinia et al, 2013;Adib et al, 2014;Alizade et al, 2014a;Alizade et al, 2014b;Hemati et al, 2014;Kazemnia et al, 2014;Derakhshandeh et al, 2015;Iranpour et al, 2015;Rahdar et al, 2015;Salmani et al, 2016;Sohrabi and Zeighami, 2016;Hashemizadeh et al, 2017;Hojabri et al, 2017;Salehzadeh and Zamani, 2018;Bahadori et al, 2019;Farajzadah Sheikh et al, 2019;Norouzian et al, 2019;Shahin et al, 2019;Staji et al, 2019;Bakhtiari et al, 2020;Moez et al, 2020;Ranjbar et al, 2020;Yazdanpour et al, 2020). Of the 28 included studies, 17 and 9 studies reported the prevalence of phylogenic groups from hospitalized and community patients, respectively.…”

Comparison of Disc Diffusion, Broth Microdilution and Modified Hodge Test Susceptibility Testing Of Escherichia coli Isolates to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

“…Pathogenic strains of E. coli are considered as one of the most important causes of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal infections. It also causes a wide range of extraintestinal infections such as urinary tract infection (UTI), septicemia, neonatal meningitis and infections of the central nervous system that leads to mortality and increased cost of treatment (2,3). Among the clinical isolates that produce extendedspectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) enzymes, the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, particularly E. coli show resistance against βlactam antibiotics.…”