What is the probability of a patient presenting a pleural effusion due to tuberculosis?

Neves, Denise Duprat; Dias, Ricardo Marques; Cunha, Antônio José Lêdo Alves da; Preza, Paulo César Amorim

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702004000400007

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Bayes' theorem was further used to translate the information given by the LRs into a probability of disease. Post‐test probabilities were simulated using a range (0·01–99%) of pre‐test probabilities using Bayes' theorem as follows (Deeks & Altman, ; Neves et al ., ):

pre‐test probability = prevalence,

pre‐test odds = prevalence/(1 - prevalence),

post‐test odds = pre‐test odds \times LR,

post‐test probability = post‐test odds/ (1 + post‐test odds),

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative and collaborative studies for the validation of a nested PCR for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae from Anthurium samples

et al. 2013

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Efficient control of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of anthurium bacterial blight, requires sensitive and reliable diagnostic tools. The European standard EN ISO 16140:2003 has been followed to compare a nested PCR assay (N-PCR) to a reference method (isolation and serological identification of bacterial colonies) and to other alternative serological detection methods. The evaluation was performed in two steps: a comparative study and a collaborative study involving 15 European laboratories. Although inclusivity was maximal (100%) for all methods, a maximal exclusivity was obtained only with N-PCR followed by an enzymatic restriction digestion of the amplicons. Exclusivity indices of 90Á6, 88Á7 and 47Á2% were found for indirect ELISA, immunofluorescence and double antibody sandwich ELISA, respectively. An exclusivity of 92Á5% was obtained with the reference method, further increased to 100% if pathogenicity tests were performed as a supplemental assay. The best level of sensitivity (relative detection level) was obtained with the reference method followed by the N-PCR assay. The N-PCR performance in terms of relative accuracy, accordance and concordance was very similar to that of the reference method. Moreover, N-PCR had undeniable advantages compared to the reference method (less labour-intensive and less time-consuming). In addition, post-test probabilities of infection were calculated to select the most appropriate detection scheme related to the prevalence of the pathogen. The N-PCR assay has since been included in a revised version of the EPPO detection protocol.

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pre‐test probability = prevalence,

pre‐test odds = prevalence/(1 - prevalence),

post‐test odds = pre‐test odds \times LR,

post‐test probability = post‐test odds/ (1 + post‐test odds),

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative and collaborative studies for the validation of a nested PCR for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae from Anthurium samples

et al. 2013

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“…The LR of the combination of the two laboratory tests was estimated (26) as post-test odds = pre-test odds × LR 1 × LR 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Diagnostic Parameters of Advanced Serological and Molecular Tissue-Print Methods for Detection of Citrus tristeza virus: A Model for Other Plant Pathogens

Vidal¹,

Yokomi²,

Moreno³

et al. 2012

Phytopathology®

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Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most important virus diseases that affect citrus. Control of CTV is achieved by grafting selected virus-free citrus scions onto CTV-tolerant or -resistant rootstocks. Quarantine and certification programs are essential for avoiding the entry and propagation of severe strains of CTV. Citrus nurseries in Spain and central California (United States) maintain zero-tolerance policies for CTV that require sensitive, specific, and reliable pathogen-detection methods. Tissue-print (TP) real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was compared with the validated TP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the CTV-specific monoclonal antibodies 3DF1 and 3CA5, for CTV detection. In total, 1,395 samples from healthy and CTV-infected nursery and mature tree plants were analyzed with both methods. The total agreement between both detection methods was substantial (Cohen's kappa index of 0.77 ± 0.03). The diagnostic parameters of each technique (i.e., the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios) were evaluated in a second test involving 658 Citrus macrophylla nursery plants. Mexican lime indexing was used to evaluate samples with discrepant results in the analysis. For TP-ELISA, a sensitivity of 0.8015, a specificity of 0.9963, and a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 216.42 and 0.199, respectively, were estimated. For TP real-time RT-PCR, a sensitivity of 0.9820, a specificity of 0.8519, and a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 6.63 and 0.021, respectively, were estimated. These diagnostic parameters show that TP real-time RT-PCR was the most sensitive technique, whereas TP-ELISA showed the highest specificity, validating the use of the molecular technique for routine CTV-detection purposes. In addition, our results show that the combination of both techniques can accurately substitute for the conventional biological Mexican lime index for the detection of CTV. The calculation of diagnostic parameters is discussed, as a necessary tool, to validate detection or diagnostic methods in plant pathology. Furthermore, assessment of the post-test probability of disease after a diagnostic result and CTV prevalence allows selection of the best method for accurate and reliable diagnosis.

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“…The level of ADA elevates as the lymphocyte (T-cell) activity increase. Elevated ADA levels are observed in patients with tuberculosis pleurisy (5). Mishra and coworkers, in 1995, found that serum ADA levels were elevated in TB patients (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Deaminase Level as an Indicator for Differentiating Between Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection and Other Pulmonary Infections

et al. 2012

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Background:In spite of recent advents, and novel improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), definitive diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children is problematic. Therefore, measurement of the serum level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was later introduced as a helpful marker for the diagnosis of TB. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of the ADA test in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB, and compare enzyme activity between patients with pulmonary TB and those with other pulmonary infections. The sampling strategy was randomized, and the design of study was case-control diagnostic descriptive, we used IBM SPSS V-16.0.2 software for analyzing our data. Patients and Methods: This study was performed at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD) in Tehran, IR Iran. In all, 49 children, divided into 3 groups, were examined. Of these, 22 had pulmonary TB, 17 had other pulmonary infections, and the remaining 10 children were normal and were assigned to the control group. Results: Serum ADA levels were higher in the pulmonary TB patients than in the control group (P < 0.05), however, these levels did not differ significantly between TB patients and patients with other pulmonary infections (P = 0.391). Our evaluation revealed that ADA level in TB patients with a positive smear of gastric washing were higher than those in patients with a negative smear (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Similar to the other studies, this study showed higher serum ADA level in pulmonary TB patients than in normal individuals. However, ADA was not found to be a suitable marker for differentiating between pulmonary TB and other pulmonary infections.

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What is the probability of a patient presenting a pleural effusion due to tuberculosis?

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Comparative and collaborative studies for the validation of a nested PCR for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae from Anthurium samples

Comparative and collaborative studies for the validation of a nested PCR for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae from Anthurium samples

Calculation of Diagnostic Parameters of Advanced Serological and Molecular Tissue-Print Methods for Detection of Citrus tristeza virus: A Model for Other Plant Pathogens

Adenosine Deaminase Level as an Indicator for Differentiating Between Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection and Other Pulmonary Infections

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