Desempenho de bananeiras consorciadas com leguminosas herbáceas perenes

Abstract

RESUMOO emprego de plantas de cobertura em consórcio com bananeiras pode ser uma estratégia de manejo, possibilitando aumentos de produtividade associados à otimização de processos biológicos e maior estabilidade do sistema produtivo. Neste trabalho, objetivo-se avaliar o efeito da cobertura viva, formada por leguminosas herbáceas perenes sobre a produção de bananeira cultivar Nanicão. Os tratamentos foram: amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg), cudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides Benth.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb.), vegetação espontânea (dominada por Panicum maximum Jacq.) e vegetação espontânea + N-fertilizante. Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento vegetativo das bananeiras entre abril/1999 e julho/2000 e os atributos de produtividade. O peso do cacho e da penca foram positivamente influenciados pelo siratro e cudzu tropical empregados como coberturas vivas, quando comparados aos demais tratamentos. Todas as leguminosas proporcionaram maior crescimento das bananeiras (notadamente a partir do 6º mês), maior número de folhas emitidas e maior proporção de cachos colhidos, em relação aos tratamentos com vegetação espontânea (com e sem N-fertilizante). As leguminosas siratro e cudzu tropical promoveram condições adequadas ao desenvolvimento das bananeiras, acarretando ganhos de produtividade e eliminação da adubação nitrogenada no bananal. O potencial benéfico das leguminosas cudzu tropical e siratro como coberturas vivas capazes de proporcionar aumentos na produtividade de banana, qualifica essas espécies como alternativa promissora para a fertilidade do solo e nutrição das bananeiras.Termos para indexação: Musa spp., plantas de cobertura, adubação nitrogenada, adubação verde. ABSTRACTThe use of coverage plants in cover cropping with bananas can be a management strategy, increasing in productivity associated with the optimization of biological processes and greater stability of production system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of live coverage by herbaceous perennial legume on the yield of banana cultivar Nanicão. The treatments were: forage groundnut (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg), tropical cudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides Benth.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb.), spontaneous vegetation (mainly Panicum maximum Jacq.) and spontaneous vegetation + N-fertilizer. Banana plant vegetative development and yield attributes between April/1999 and August/2000 were assessed. In comparison to other treatments, bunch and hand weight were more positively influenced by tropical cudzu and siratro legumes employed as live coverage. All legumes promoted higher vegetative growth for banana plants (notably from the 6th month on), a greater number of leaves, and a higher proportion of harvested bunches in relation to spontaneous vegetation (with and without N-fertilizer). Siratro and tropical cudzu legumes promoted adequate conditions for the development of the banana plants, generating yield gains, and the elimination of the need of nitrogenous fertilization in the banana plantation...

Temperature and humidity of soil covered with perennial herbaceous legumes in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…The adoption of the green manure practice performed with species of the family Fabaceae may represent an important strategy in the pursuit of the sustainability of the agroecosystems in this biome, given the benefits to the soil such as: permanent protection against the major causative agents of soil degradation (LEITE et al, 2010), maintenance of moisture, decrease in maximum temperatures and thermal amplitude of the soil (TORRES et al, 2006), in addition to the supply of N by biological fixation (GAMA-RODRIGUES et al, 2007), among other benefits, especially with the use of perennial herbaceous species, which have great potential as soil coverage, for covering the ground for some months or throughout the year (PERIN et al, 2009).…”

“…These because the success of the practice depends on the knowledge related to the behavior, adaptation, requirement (nutritional, photoperiodic life, water) and residence time of the species in the environment in which it was introduced. In recent years, several studies regarding the behavior of herbaceous perennial legumes were performed (ESPINDOLA et al, 2005;GUERRA et al, 2007;PERIN et al, 2009). However, information on the behavior of these species in the Caatinga conditions are scarce, especially for the region of Jequitinhonha Valley (Vale do Jequitinhonha) in Minas Gerais, Brazil.…”

Analise da viabilidade econômica de policultivo orgânico

“…Two factors explain the economic efficiency in this work, (1) The productivities of passion fruit and pineapple are higher 72 and 34%, respectively, through cultivation in plots comprising 3 m-spaced espaliers in comparison with plots containing 4 mspaced espaliers and (2) the increased productivity obtained when leguminous species (ARAÚJO NETO et al, 2014). This increased productivity are employed as ground cover is probably related to their efficiency in producing green biomass, with consequential enhancement of nutrient cycling, and in augmenting the N, P, K content of the soil (PERIN et al, 2004;ESPINDOLA et al, 2006;PERIN et al, 2009).…”

Water content and soil nutrient in consortium of native fruit trees with cover crops

“…These beneficial effects occur as a result of increased soil fertility through BNF and nutrient recovery from deeper soil layers and protection of the soil against erosion due to climate factors (Perin et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2008). Moreover, cover crops may improve the physical structure of the soil, increase soil organic matter concentrations, facilitate the maintenance of soil moisture levels and temperature, help to U. decumbens weeds, and decrease the load of agrochemicals in the soil.…”

“…However, cover crops should be carefully selected. The growth time and habit of cover crops should be in agreement with fruit tree management, and other effects of coexistence should be considered to minimize competition (Perin et al, 2009).…”