O Programa Nacional de Bolsa Escola e as ações afirmativas no campo educacional

Valente, Ana Lúcia

doi:10.1590/s1413-24782003000300012

Cited by 6 publications

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References 3 publications

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“…PT and PDT legislators proposed amendments -all of which were rejected by the rapporteur -to increase the benefit value and restrict the federal government's discretion to define the income criteria used to determine eligibility. Valente (2003) notes that the PT criticized the low value of the transfer. The project was nevertheless approved through symbolic voting.…”

Section: Deputadosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Dividends from Programmatic Policies: A Theoretical Proposal Based on the Brazilian Case

Simoni

2022

Bras. political sci. rev.

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Recent controversies in the literature on the electoral effects of cash transfer programs reveal the limitations of traditional models associating public policies to voting. Why would beneficiaries reward parties for programmatic policies when the government has no control over the distribution of the benefits? Are they guided by short-term retrospective voting in favor of the incumbent without forming durable links? By studying the Brazilian case, based on the Bolsa Escola-Program, formulated by the PSDB, and the Bolsa-Família Program, formulated by the PT, I test different theories and propose an alternative approach. My thesis is that the long-term electoral effect of programmatic policies is a consequence of credit-claiming efforts made by the competing parties, resulting in reciprocity from voters. My argument is built on the examination of parliamentary deliberations throughout the formulation of these programs and on the analysis of public opinion surveys conducted in 2005, a transitional moment when there were beneficiaries of both programs, and in 2018, the year of the first presidential election with the Bolsa-Família Program being implemented with the PT as an opposition party. The data show that party leaders came to the defense of these social programs to varying degrees and in different moments of their terms in office and that these different mobilization strategies reflected on voting behavior.

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Section: Deputadosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Dividends from Programmatic Policies: A Theoretical Proposal Based on the Brazilian Case

Simoni

2022

Bras. political sci. rev.

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“…Como escrevi em outra oportunidade (Valente, 2003b), atualmente parece oportuno insistir na reflexão sobre as políticas afirmativas de caráter universal e específico, nos diferentes níveis de ensino. No meu entender, é uma falsa questão contrapô-las, como se excludentes fossem.…”

Section: à Guisa De Considerações Finaisunclassified

Ação afirmativa, relações raciais e educação básica

Valente

2005

Rev. Bras. Educ.

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Com base em proposta metodológica de combate ao racismo na educação básica, desenvolvida com resultados positivos em escolas de Campo Grande (MS) e Belo Horizonte (MG), objetivou: a) indicar que esse nível de escolarização apresenta o quadro educacional mais grave para as crianças negras; b) refletir sobre as políticas afirmativas de caráter universal e específico, nos diferentes níveis de ensino, defendendo a perspectiva de que contrapô-las, como se excludentes fossem, é uma falsa questão; c) argumentar que a maior ou menor eficácia de políticas de ação afirmativas para os negros está inversamente relacionada ao nível de ensino, isto é, quanto antes o racismo, a discriminação e o preconceito forem enfrentados, melhores serão os resultados educacionais e; d) apontar os desafios para a formação de professores nessa perspectiva.

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“…Não acho bom isso.Se vocês quiserem saber o que acho que conseguimos deixar marcado no Brasil é que, pela primeira vez na nossa História, chegamos aos mais pobresaos mais pobres, mesmo, nos rincões e locais mais perdidos do Brasil" 114 .Não passou desapercebido a vinculação entre as políticas e o calendário eleitoral, seja na imprensa 115 , seja entre os partidos. Um deputado do PCdoB afirmou que: "Isso parece mais uma rede de proteção eleitoral do que de proteção social" Valente (2003). nota que PT criticara o baixo valor da transferência concedida pelo PBE e pelo PBA (15 reais por criança, com máximo de 45 reais por família)Enquanto o governo se movimentava para construir uma plataforma e discurso para a eleição de 2002, o principal partido da oposição também formulava sua proposta de política social.…”

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Política distributiva e competição presidencial no Brasil: Programa Bolsa-Família e a tese do realinhamento eleitoral

Simoni¹

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The presidential elections are the main competition of the Brazilian political system. The current literature on the subject pointed out two thesis about the nature and dynamic of presidential elections: The Bolsa-Família (PBF) conditional cash transfer program is considered to be central and determinant to the electoral results and in 2006 would have contributed to realign the electoral bases of PT, the only party competitive in all elections. The policy is considered to be fundamental to explain the strength of the party on Northeast among poor electors. On this dissertation I examine these hypothesis and debate the theoretical, methodological and empirical inconsistences and deficiencies of the current literature. In order to do so, I replicate models, analyze novel models looking at surveys and aggregate data on the municipal level and on ballot level, among other methods. The results highlight conclusions different from the standing literature. First, I argue that the correlation between the electoral changes of 2006 and the social profile of electors occur heterogeneously over different regions and localities. If the proper measure is applied, these variations are better understood as a movement of volatile electors and not as realignment of electoral bases. Moreover, contrary to the current literature, I emphasize that the investigation over the electoral effect of the PBF shouldn't be restricted to its beneficiaries and neither that it is possible to infer its importance on the electoral result based on its regional distribution. Contrarily, based on the data we gathered, the impact of the PBF to the electoral results was more important on the Southeast than on the Northeast and it is not restricted to electors directly beneficed by the program. Still, I argue that if the adequate framework is adopted, it is possible to say that the impact of the PBF on the electoral results wasn't very strong or determinant to the electoral result. I conclude that the parties' long term electoral bases influence on present results, minimizing the fluctuations that occurred in 2006. As it happens with all the policies with high potential to impact on voters decisions, the effect of the PBF cannot be analyzed separately, it has to be considered inside the context of the electoral and political dispute.

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O Programa Nacional de Bolsa Escola e as ações afirmativas no campo educacional

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Electoral Dividends from Programmatic Policies: A Theoretical Proposal Based on the Brazilian Case

Electoral Dividends from Programmatic Policies: A Theoretical Proposal Based on the Brazilian Case

Ação afirmativa, relações raciais e educação básica

Política distributiva e competição presidencial no Brasil: Programa Bolsa-Família e a tese do realinhamento eleitoral

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