Espécies de Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) parasitóides de larvas frugívoras (Diptera: Tephritidae e Lonchaeidae) no Brasil

Abstract

The Eucoilinae, together with the Opiinae (Braconidae) are the most important parasitoids of the flies of the superfamily Tephritoidea. In order to provide knowledge on the Eucoilinae species in Brazil such as geographic distribution, hosts and the parasitism levels, 170 samples of parasitoids from 51 counties of the five Brazilian regions were examined. A total of 2025 parasitoids were obtained from which, six species (42.82%) have been associated to larvae of Tephritoidea. The parasitoids were associated to seven species of fly larvae which feed on the fruits of 33 species belonging to 15 families. The Eucoilinae species are generalists, as they parasite Anastrepha species (Tephritidae) and Lonchaeidae as well. Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) was the most abundant species (29.93%) with the broadest distribution in Brazil. Dicerataspis flavipes (Kieffer) was only collected in São Paulo State, associated to Anastrepha species. This parasitoid is attracted to star fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.), since 96,34% of D. flavipes were obtained in larvae inside this fruit. Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier were associated to Anastrepha pseudoparallela (Loew) and to species of Neosilba in Passifloraceae (first record). Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton was recorded in Amazonas State associated to Anastrepha bahiensis Lima (first record). Aganaspis pelleranoi, D. flavipes and L. anastrephae were associated to Anastrepha amita Zucchi in Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. in São Paulo State (first record). Trybliographa sp. parasites mainly lonchaeid larvae, and it is being recorded for the first time in the State of São Paulo. The parasitism levels varied from 0.07 to 42.86%, depending on collection sites, fruit types and host flies.Recebido em 22/10/98. Aceito em 29/03/99.

Himenópteros parasitóides de larvas de Anastrepha spp. em frutos de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) na região de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…Leptopilina boulardi tem sido relatada parasitando espécies de Drosophilidae no Brasil (WHARTON et al, 1998;GUIMARÃES et al, 1999).…”

“…Essa prevalência pode ser devida à densidade dos hospedeiros, ao número de coletas realizadas e ao tamanho da área amostral e das características do local escolhido para coleta, isto é, com vegetação que garanta condições básicas para manter fauna diversificada de insetos hospedeiros. Guimarães et al (1999), trabalhando em 27 municípios das cinco regiões brasileiras, encontraram prevalência de parasitismo que variou de 0,007 a 42,86%, enquanto Marchiori et al (2000) encontraram uma prevalência de parasitismo de 6,2% no município de Itumbiara, Goiás.…”

“…Os principais grupos de Hymenoptera Parasitica dessas moscas pertencem às famílias Braconidae, Figitidae e Pteromalidae (MALAVASI e ZUCCHI, 2000;GUIMARÃES et al, 1999;MARCHIORI et al, 2000).…”

Effect of Time of Permanence of Host Fruits in the Field on Natural Parasitism of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Ndzu., and P. guineense Sw.]. According to Guimarães et al (1999Guimarães et al ( , 2000, both these eucoilines search for their host larvae in different fruit species; however, they attack the larvae most frequently in fruits of Myrtaceae.…”

“…The adults of both insect types were maintained alive for two to three days to achieve their full coloration; after that, they were killed and preserved in 70% ethanol for further identification. The species of Anastrepha and their parasitoids were identified based on available taxonomic keys and descriptions (Canal Daza et al 1994, Guimarães 1998, Canal & Zucchi 2000, Zucchi 2000. Some specimens were sent to Jorge A.…”