Application of foam column as green technology for concentration of saponins from sisal (Agave sisalana) and Juá (Ziziphus joazeiro)

Abstract

-Saponins, molecules classified as triterpenic or steroidal glycosides, are metabolites distributed in all the plant kingdom that can be used for the production of foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, as well as in soil bioremediation. Saponins are normally extracted from natural resources with water, ethanol and/or methanol, and then concentrated by liquid-liquid partitioning with n-butanol. An alternative concentration method is with a foam column, by which the saponins can be concentrated via preferential adsorption at a gasliquid interface. Therefore, the objective of this work was the use of a foam column for the concentration of saponins from juá and sisal, evaluating parameters such as: initial working volume in the column, saponin concentration in the extracts from juá and sisal, air flow rate, pH, Raschig rings loading and operation time. When a gradient air flow rate and 25 g of Raschig rings were used, 82.6% of the jua saponins loaded onto the system were recovered in a 3.46-fold concentrated solution after 9 h of operation. Regarding sisal saponins, a concentration factor of 1.98 was observed with 90.5% of saponin recovery during 4.5 h of operation.

Physio-Microstructural Properties of Aerated Cement Slurry for Lightweight Structures

“…Figure 1 shows a saponin molecule obtained from the residues of sisal defibering. It has been used in formulation of detergents [ 15 ].…”

Cross Application of Entomopathogenic Fungi Raw Secondary Metabolites for Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Chili Seedlings

“…The foam that was formed more than 3 cm from the surface of the solution means that it was positive for saponins. If the foam is formed a little, then add a little Na 2 CO 3 solution (Ribeiro et al, 2013). The foam condition that remains stable and hard indicates the presence of free fatty acids (Vidal et al, 2018).…”

Development of sandwich composites for building construction with locally available materials

“…The saponin molecule can be extracted from the residues of sisal defibering. It has been used in formulation of detergents [20]. Lime/gypsum mortar with saponin foaming agent was developed as aerated concrete.…”

“… Use of diverse locally available plant fibers as reinforcing fabric to replace wire mesh in ferrocement [15,19]  Development of sandwich composites comprising exterior layers (skins) of ferrocement made with indigenous binders and fabrics, and  Interior layer (core) of aerated concrete made with indigenous binders and indigenous foaming agents extracted from abundant plants [20,21] It should be noted that the reliance on less processed indigenous materials would raise the variability of material properties. Careful selection of quality control methods that can be implemented considering the constraints of indigenous construction would be important for reliable production of indigenous building materials and systems.…”