Como se escolhe um candidato a Presidente?: Regras e práticas nos partidos políticos da América Latina

Freidenberg, Flávia; López, Francisco Sánchez

doi:10.1590/s0104-62762002000200002

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…31 Este escenario -menos frecuente que la doble primera vuelta (aquél en el que se impone quien había sido más votado originariamente)-implica que el segundo en primera rueda le termine ganando al primero (CREVARI, 2003). riféricos y/o carentes de trayectoria partidaria (González, 2014: 12), pudiendo redundar en un vaciamiento programático e ideológico de las fuerzas políticas (Freidenberg y Sánchez López, 2002). En segundo lugar, respecto de la ventaja atribuida a la DV recién mencionada, hay que decir que con este sistema no siempre se evita que el triunfo de un perdedor Condorcet (Colomer, 2004;Shugart, 2007;Crespo, 2008), ya que existe el riesgo de que se produzca una reversión del resultado inicial 31 (Pérez Liñán, 2002;Pachano, 2007).…”

Section: D) Proveer De Legitimidad (Popular Y Partidaria) Al Represenunclassified

Un doble P.A.S.O. electoral. Análisis del debut del sistema de primarias abiertas y de la vuelta doble electoral en las elecciones presidenciales argentinas de 2015

Gallo¹

2017

Stud. polit.

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Este trabajo se centrará en el análisis de dos instrumentos institucionales que formaron parte de la agenda reformista latinoamericana delas décadas pasadas (primarias/internas abiertas y sistema de doble vuelta electoral) con el objeto de, no sólo exhibir los efectos aislados de cada uno de ellos, sino básicamente de examinar con rigurosidad las consecuencias de la aplicación concurrente de ambos. Estos dos mecanismos se orientan a propósitos análogos: brindar a los ciudadanos más instancias de manifestación de preferencias, proveer de mejores condiciones democráticas a los partidos, incrementar la legitimidad popular de los candidatos consagrados, etc. Sin embargo, la incorporación formal e implementación conjunta de ambos ha dado lugar a la conformación de un proceso de (dos o) tres fases para las elecciones presidenciales, cuyos corolarios finales pueden entrar en contradicción con aquellos objetivos iniciales. En esta pesquisa se estudiará la elección presidencial argentina de2015, en la cual por primera vez —y única hasta ahora— en la historia (después de 21 años de la instauración de la doble vuelta y seis años de la incorporación de primarias abiertas simultáneas y obligatorias), el sistema electoral no sólo tuvo un formato trifásico, sino que operó efectivamente con una mecánica de tres vueltas eleccionarias. Finalmente, se evaluarán los resultados y se procurará determinar si la utilización conjunta de estas dos técnicas institucionales —consideradas como alternativas adecuadas para obtener ciertos resulta-dos— potencia o cohíbe la satisfacción de los propósitos deseados.

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Section: D) Proveer De Legitimidad (Popular Y Partidaria) Al Represenunclassified

Un doble P.A.S.O. electoral. Análisis del debut del sistema de primarias abiertas y de la vuelta doble electoral en las elecciones presidenciales argentinas de 2015

Gallo¹

2017

Stud. polit.

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“…In this regard, most of the parties consider that pre-candidates or participants in the primary ought to be members of the party, with all his or her financials duties fulfilled. Furthermost, additional requisites can be imposed, as a minimum seniority, to have served in the party or in another public office or not to have held office (Freidenberg & Sanchez Lopez, 2002). However, not all the requisites are formalized as what is usually taken into consideration is the dedication of the pre-candidate to the party, his/her track records in the district or in the party organization or his/her electoral appeal (Gallagher, 1988a).…”

Section: Who Can Stand For Election In the Primaries?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the selection is made by the general electorate, the candidate will represent a medium voter, but not the specific interests of the party members, which can affect to the internal cohesion of the party (Freidenberg & Sanchez Lopez, 2002)Flavia; Sanchez Lopez, Francisco . Another risk to party cohesion are the cross voters, people who participate in the internal affairs of other party, but to take the chance to harm the party that has opened its process.…”

Section: Who Can Stand For Election In the Primaries?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating nominations in political parties: Candidates, open primaries and Law

Pérez-Moneo

2016

Ballot

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Abstract:Candidate nomination is in the core of any democratic order. Political parties require an efficient nomination process that should achieve three goals: 1) determine a clear winner, 2) promote a capable politician and 3) prevent the negative effects of internal competition. In order to regulate this process, the interests of all the agents involved have to be balanced. Particularly, the interest of the affiliates, who would want to exert some control over the process and the candidate selected; the interest of the party as-an-organization, who would like to select a competitive candidate; the interest of the candidate-to--be, who would like to know beforehand the procedural aspects of the nomination; and, last but not least, the interest of the electorate, that would like to participate in the elaboration of the electoral ticket. Taking into account that in countries such as Spain, Italy or France, nomination is a non-state-regulated process, political parties have a wide margin of appreciation when regulating this process. Analyzing former primary processes (French PS and Italian PD) and regulation proposals (Spanish PSOE), this work aims to study the basic aspects on regulating nomination by the political parties. Therefore this paper will address when to conduct the nomination process, which organ of the party can take the decision and regulate the process, who (and how) can be candidate, who composes the selectorate, how do the selectorate express their preferences, and how the process is financed. The results obtained will determine the internal requirements that political parties impose on the right to be a candidate in a formal electoral process, underlining their important role in a representative democracy. Keywords: Resumo:A nomeação de candidatos é tópico central de qualquer ordem democrática. Partidos políticos requerem um processo de nomeação eficiente que deve alcançar três objetivos: 1) determinar de forma clara um vencedor, 2) promover um político capaz e 3) impedir os efeitos negativos da competição interna. Para regular esse processo os interesses de todos os agentes envolvidos devem ser postos em equilíbrio. Especialmente os interesses dos filiados, que almejam exercer algum controle sobre o processo e o candidato escolhido; o interesse do partido enquanto organização, que almeja selecionar um candidato competitivo; o interesse do pré-candidato, que almeja saber de antemão os aspectos procedimentais da nomeação; e, finalmente, o interesse do eleitorado, que almeja participar na elaboração das candidaturas (electoral ticket). Ao se levar em conta que em países como Espanha, Italia e França a nomeação é um processo não regulamentado, partidos políticos têm uma larga margem de autonomia ao regular esse processo. Analisando eleições primárias passadas (do Parti Socialiste francês e do Partito Democratico Italiano) e propostas de regulamentação (do partido espanhol PSOE), este trabalho objetiva estudar os aspectos básicos da regulamentação da nomeação de candidatos por partidos políticos. ...

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“… Source: Adapted from Freidenberg and Sánchez López (2002); additional detail on Uruguay provided by Mark P. Jones (personal communication). …”

Section: Presidential Nomination Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elections: The American Process of Selecting a President: A Comparative Perspective

Shugart

2004

Pres Stud Q

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The United States has fallen well behind worldwide trends in presidential elections. Its electoral college regionalizes the contest for the national executive, contrary to a worldwide trend toward direct election. U.S. states continue to select presidential electors via plurality rule, resulting in vulnerability to third‐party “spoilers,” even at a time when third‐party voting is on the upswing. The worldwide trend is toward runoffs to guard against spoilers. Only in nomination methods is the United States the trendsetter, as primary elections only recently have been adopted in other countries, mainly in Latin America. Yet the American regionalized and sequential nomination process contrasts with the national primaries preferred elsewhere.

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Como se escolhe um candidato a Presidente?: Regras e práticas nos partidos políticos da América Latina

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Un doble P.A.S.O. electoral. Análisis del debut del sistema de primarias abiertas y de la vuelta doble electoral en las elecciones presidenciales argentinas de 2015

Un doble P.A.S.O. electoral. Análisis del debut del sistema de primarias abiertas y de la vuelta doble electoral en las elecciones presidenciales argentinas de 2015

Regulating nominations in political parties: Candidates, open primaries and Law

Elections: The American Process of Selecting a President: A Comparative Perspective

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