Correlação entre métodos de aleitamento, hábitos de sucção e comportamentos orofaciais

Abstract

Background: the development of oral motor control depends partially on motor and sensory experiences. Aim: to analyze the relationship between the duration of breastfeeding, artificial feeding and sucking habits, and of these parameters with the orofacial motor performance. Method: participants of this study were one hundred and seventy-six children aged 6 to 12 years. All subjects were submitted to an orofacial myofunctional clinical examination, using a protocol with scores, and parents/care takers were interviewed in respect to the feeding and sucking habits of their children. Correlations were calculated using the Spearman Test. Results: in the studied sample, the mean duration of breastfeeding was of 10.30 months (ranging from zero to 60 months), of artificial feeding was of 44.12 months (zero to 122 months) and of sucking habits was of 39.32 months (0 to 144 months). There was a negative correlation of breastfeeding duration with artificial feeding duration and sucking habits duration (p < 0001). The duration of the artificial feeding was positively correlated to the duration of sucking habits (p < 0001). The duration of breastfeeding was positively correlated with the mobility of the tongue and jaw (p = 0.05). There was a negative correlation of the duration of artificial feeding and the duration of sucking habits with the performance in mastication and swallowing, respectively, as well as with the duration of both types of sucking with the performance in the diadochokinesia test (p = 0.05). Conclusion: the duration of natural breastfeeding presented a positive effect over the mobility of the orofacial structures. Deleterious effects of the prolonged duration of artificial feeding and sucking habits in the oral motor control were confirmed.

Aleitamento: relação com hábitos de sucção e aspectos socioeconômicos familiares

“…The unmet psycho-emotional needs due to inadequate time for breastfeeding and the introduction and extended use of bottles, may lead the child to meet those needs using devices such as pacifiers or their own thumb 3,22 . Several studies found a relationship between the presence of habits and early weaning, as well as the continuation of artificial feeding 17,23,24 , which is in agreement with the results of this study.…”

“…Besides that, it benefits the correct positioning of the tongue, through the adapting of tonicity due to its intense muscular activity 2,15 . When the bottle is introduced and its use remains for a long period, this movement is impaired, interfering with the development of orofacial functions and structures 16,17 . Moreover, the introduction of bottles may stimulate the emergence of other deleterious oral habits, since the child does not meet his/her needs of sucking and eventually acquires non-nutritive sucking habits, such as the pacifier or finger sucking 2,3,6 .…”

Aleitamento materno como fator de proteção contra a instalação de hábitos bucais deletérios

“…In João Pessoa city, children with less breastfeeding duration, developed deleterious oral habits more frequently, with a risk seven times greater than those breastfed for a minimum period of six months 8 . A negative relation of between breastfeeding duration and prolonged sucking habits was found in a study conducted in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo state 17 . Most observational studies describe Maternity leave allows mothers to take care of their children more thoroughly, what can contribute to exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age.…”

Early Weaning as aRisk Factor for Deleterious Oral Habits in 3-5 Year-Old Children

“…Children with shorter breastfeeding time more often developed harmful oral habits with relative risk 7 times greater compared to breastfeeding of at least six months [24].…”