Conceptual framework for research and clinical practice concerning cardiovascular health-related behaviors

Abstract

Objective: To present a conceptual framework based on the PRECEDE model conceived to guide research and the clinical practice of nurses in the clinical follow-up of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Method: The conceptual bases as well as the study designs used in the framework are discussed. The contextualization of the proposed structure is presented in the clinical follow-up of hypertensive patients. Examples of the intervention planning steps according to the intervention mapping protocol are provided. Results: This conceptual framework coherently and rationally guided the diagnostic steps related to excessive salt intake among hypertensive individuals, as well as the development and assessment of specific interventions designed to change this eating behavior. Conclusion: The use of this conceptual framework enables a greater understanding of health-related behaviors implied in the development and progression of cardiovascular risk factors and is useful in proposing nursing interventions with a greater chance of success. This model is a feasible strategy to improve the cardiovascular health of patients cared for by the Brazilian Unified Health System. Estrutura conceitual para pesquisa e prática clínica na mudança de comportamentos em saúde cardiovascular Objetivo: apresentar a estrutura conceitual baseada no modelo PRECEDE, para guiar a pesquisa e a prática clínica do enfermeiro, na abordagem do paciente cardiopata ao longo de seu seguimento clínico. Método: as bases conceituais, assim como os desenhos metodológicos de pesquisa, implicados na estrutura conceitual, são abordados. A seguir, a contextualização da estrutura proposta é ilustrada no seguimento clínico de pacientes hipertensos, com incorporação das etapas de planejamento de intervenções, segundo o protocolo intervention mapping.Resultados: constata-se que a utilização dessa estrutura conceitual permitiu guiar, de modo coerente e racional, as etapas diagnósticas relacionadas ao consumo excessivo de sal entre os hipertensos, bem como norteou o desenvolvimento e avaliação de intervenções específicas para mudança desse comportamento alimentar. Conclusão: a utilização da estrutura conceitual proposta permite compreensão mais ampla dos comportamentos em saúde, implicados no desenvolvimento e progressão dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, assim como revela-se um caminho interessante para a proposição de intervenções de enfermagem, com maior chance de sucesso. O emprego dessa estrutura, de modo ampliado, pode constituir um meio factível para melhorar a saúde cardiovascular dos pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.Descritores: Comportamento; Planejamento em Saúde; Educação em Saúde; Enfermagem. Modelo conceptual para la investigación y la práctica clínica en los cambios de comportamiento en salud cardiovascularObjetivo: presentar el marco conceptual basado en el modelo PRECEDE, concebido para orientar la investigación y la práctica clínica de las enfermeras para el seguimiento clínico de pacientes cardíacos. Método: La base conceptual, así...

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