Incidência de soroconversão para o vírus da hepatite C após a implementação de programa de prevenção e controle em unidade de hemodiálise

Abstract

This study aimed at reporting the incidence of the hepatitis C virus as well as the prevention and control measures adopted in an hemodialysis unit. It is a prospective study developed with patients attended from September 1996 to December 1998 in an hemodialysis unit. The consultations from September 1996 to December 1996 were considered the control group and the ones from January 1997 to December 1998 the intervention group. Regarding the period of the control group, the routine of the unit was organized based on the regulation 2042 that systematizes the services of renal therapy. In the subsequent period, complementary measures were implemented. From 1997 to 1998, authors observed the reduction in the number of cases of hepatitis C.

Hepatitis C risk factor for patients submitted to dialysis

“…Currently, the infection through the virus type C is considered the main cause of chronic hepatic disease for patients in dialysis and for those who experienced renal transplantation; approximately 85% of infected patients are involved with the chronicity, being the cirrhosis the third cause of death (long term) for the renal transplanted people [3].…”

“…The increase of prevalence varies from an average of 12% of patients under dialytic treatment for less than five years to 37% of patients under treatment for more than five years [3]. The higher the time of dialysis, the more the seropositivity prevalence for the Hepatitis virus [1,4,5].…”

Reavaliação laboratorial da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em dialisados atendidos na década de 1990, em Belém, estado do Pará, Brasil

“…Antes da regulamentação dos serviços de hemodiálise no Brasil, ocorrida em 1996, as medidas de controle e prevenção eram deficitárias, contribuindo para elevadas taxas de infecção pelo HCV entre esses serviços 28 . Uma pesquisa desenvolvida em unidades de hemodiálise, em 2008, após a implementação da Portaria GM/MS nº 2.042/1996, revelou que, somente após a implantação efetiva das medidas de prevenção e controle, foi possível uma redução significativa do número de casos de infecção pelo HCV 6,8 .…”

Comparison of risk factors among blood donors, volunteers and replacement individuals, infected or not by hepatitis C virus

“…This type of acquisition is related to invasive hospital treatments and occurs by use of non-disinfected or incorrectly sterilized materials and equipment. Risky procedures include use of the following: surgical instruments, contaminated needles and syringes, endoscopic equipment, acupuncture, hemodialysis, as well as organ transplants (currently in a significant low incidence) and hemocomponent transfusions (2,15,(23)(24)(25). Hepatitis C virus is also transmitted through illicit parenteral and intra-nasal drug users, mirrors and inhalation straws contaminated by nasal and intranasal secretions, through shared use of personal devices such as razors and other blades, toothbrushes, cuticle nippers, as well as permanent tattoo applicators (1,2,(23)(24)(25)(26).…”