It is an integrative literature review with the objective of integrating the knowledge produced about eye accidents in the work environment of health, pointing out the main causes of impairment of visual acuity and protective factors. Five databases were consulted to select the articles -SCOPUS, CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science -which included six articles. The results show that the studies were conducted between 2005 and 2013. The eye accidents were grouped into three categories: the cause of the eye accident, post-accident management, and protection factor. It is concluded that non-adherence to eye protection measures is an important factor in accidents involving the eye, which makes rethink the security policies implemented by health institutions with an emphasis on visual apparatus.