Implantação da reforma psiquiátrica no município de volta redonda: implicações para a enfermagem

Abstract

RESUMO:O estudo teve como objeto a intervenção na Casa de Saúde Volta Redonda e suas implicações para a enfermagem psiquiátrica. As fontes históricas estão constituídas de documentos escritos e orais. Os dados foram organizados, classificados e analisados, conforme o método histórico, com o apoio dos conceitos de habitus e campo de Pierre Bourdieu e da literatura sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil. As mudanças na política de Saúde Mental exigiram novas práticas e atitudes consoantes com o processo de implantação da Reforma Psiquiátrica naquele município, tendo como pilar a inserção do paciente psiquiátrico na comunidade e o resgate de sua cidadania. Estas medidas faziam parte de um projeto político partidário mais abrangente, com experiências acumuladas em outros municípios brasileiros. A enfermagem conquistou espaços de poder e visibilidade capazes de assegurar sua participação em diferentes espaçõs decisórios no campo da assitência psiquiátrica no município. DESCRITORES:Enfermagem. História da enfermagem. Enfermagem psiquiátrica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo la intervención en la Casa de Saúde Volta Redonda y sus implicaciones para la enfermería psiquiátrica. Las fuentes históricas son documentos escritos y orales. La organización, clasificación y análisis de los datos se hizo según el método histórico, con el apoyo de los conceptos de habitus y campo de Pierre Bourdieu y de la bibliografía sobre la reforma psiquiátrica en Brasil. Los cambios en la política de salud mental exigieron nuevas prácticas y actitudes de acuerdo con el proceso de implementación de la reforma psiquiátrica en aquel municipio, cuyo pilar es la inserción del enfermo psiquiátrico en la comunidad y el rescate de su ciudadanía. Estas medidas forman parte de un proyecto político partidario más amplio, con experiencias en otros municipios brasileños. La Enfermería ha ganado posiciones de poder y visibilidad para asegurar su participación en diferentes espacios decisorios en el ámbito de la asistencia psiquiátrica en el municipio. IMPLEMENTATION OF PSYCHIATRIC REFORM IN THE DESCRIPTORES:Enfermería. Historia de la enfermería. Enfermería psiquiátrica.

Risk of illness and human cost at work in a psychiatric hospital

“…4 In psychiatric nursing, the main challenges include the search for new ways of caring, aiming at the reorganization of care practice focused on holistic care and centered on the individual, based on interdisciplinarity, deinstitutionalization and social reintegration, in detriment of the biological/organicist view, which proved insufficient to solve the complex issues that surround this field today. 5 This paradigm change, perhaps, has given rise to new workloads for nursing professionals, with an impact on health conditions and illness of the same.…”

“…However, studies have been identified that have revealed the need for research on the mental health of the nursing worker, since patient safety is directly related to worker safety. 5,7,8 The present article presents aspects related to nursing work in a psychiatric hospital from the point of view of the risk of illness, aiming at the restructuring of services in the context of the Psychiatric Reform, which deals with the protection and rights of people affected by mental disorders and redirects the mental health care model in Brazil. 9 Thus, the study aimed to investigate the risk of illness and human cost at work from the point of view of the nursing team of a psychiatric hospital.…”

O processo de implantação de residências terapêuticas em Volta Redonda - Rio de Janeiro

“…The process was quite complex, supported by political party interests, and based on the urgency of a needed intervention in the area of mental health that would be able to protect the citizenship rights of individuals with mental disorders residing in the city. 6 The implementation process of psychiatric reform in Volta Redonda began with municipal intervention regarding the specialized institutions providing treatment to individuals with mental disorders. Since then, municipal authorities have invested in many actions such as the creation and implementation of CAPS, some integrative activities involving the use of public spaces for clients requiring mental health services, the creation of a support social network for clients and investment in the hospital discharge process, among other actions.…”

“…Since then, municipal authorities have invested in many actions such as the creation and implementation of CAPS, some integrative activities involving the use of public spaces for clients requiring mental health services, the creation of a support social network for clients and investment in the hospital discharge process, among other actions. 6 Therapeutic homes were implemented in 2009, and can be described as an environment in which individuals with mental disorders prepare for their eventual return to home, progressively taking on more of their "normal" routines and becoming able to exercise their rights and duties in common life.…”

“…6 Under this context, nurses participate in the Therapeutic Homes, meeting the clients' needs by making home visits. In this way, a bond of trust is built between professionals and clients, and between clients and the services that support them.…”