Intraocular pressure measurements with the Tono-Pen XL® and Perkins® applanation tonometers in horses and cattle

Andrade, Silvia Franco; Palozzi, Rodrigo de Jesus; Rolim, Rodrigo Duarte; Junqueira, José Ricardo Cecilio; Valle, Heloisa Ferreira do; Silva, Marcelo Kurak da; Maia, Marcelo Augusto; Zampiere, Rodrigo Augusto

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782013005000030

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, for an IOP reading 1.6 for example, the tonometer reading would equal x = (1.6-0.0878)/0.0915 = 16.0 mmHg. Therefore, an IOP reading measured with a Kowa HA-2 tonometer can be approximated by multiplying it by 10, which is similar to findings in humans (SCHOTTENSTEIN, 1996), other studies that used Perkins tonometers in dogs, cats, horses and bovines (ANDRADE et al, 2009;ANDRADE et al, 2011;ANDRADE et al, 2012;ANDRADE et al, 2013), and a study that used a Kowa HA-2 tonometer in dogs (ANDRADE et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In cats, the most commonly used tonometers are portable, e.g., the Tonopen applanation tonometer and more recently the Tonovet, which is a portable rebound tonometer MILLER et al, 1991;MCLELLAN et al, 2013;PASSAGLIA et al, 2004). There are few reports about the use of portable applanation tonometers that use the Goldmann methodology, such as the Perkins and Kowa HA-2 tonometers, in animals (ANDRADE et al, 2009;ANDRADE et al, 2011;ANDRADE et al, 2012;ANDRADE et al, 2013;ANDRADE et al, 2016), and these tonometers are very useful in humans (SCHOTTENSTEIN, 1996). Studies with the Perkins tonometer in animals have been conducted in dogs and cats (ANDRADE et al, 2009;ANDRADE et al, 2012), horses and cattle (ANDRADE et al, 2011;ANDRADE et al, 2013), and there is only one study that describes the use of the Kowa HA-2 tonometer in dogs (ANDRADE et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

Ricci

Giuffrida

Kanashiro

et al. 2017

SCA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in cats. Ten healthy eyes were used in an ex vivo study in which the calibration curve for manometry vs. tonometry was determined by artificially raising the IOP in 5 mmHg increments up to 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Both eyes of 10 anesthetized cats were studiedin vivo to compare manometry vs. tonometry. In the ambulatory study, 78 healthy eyes, 7 eyes with glaucoma and 20 eyes with uveitis were evaluated by tonometry, which was performed with topical anesthesia and 1% fluorescein eye drops for the formation of fluorescein semicircles. The correlation coefficient (r²) between the manometer and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer was 0.993 and the linear regression equation was y = 0.0915x + 0.0878 in the ex-vivo study. In the in vivo study, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) in manometry were 15.6 ± 1.1(14.0 -17.5) and in tonometry were 15.5 ± 1.2(13.5 -17.2), with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between manometry and tonometry. In ambulatory study, using the Kowa HA-2 tonometer, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) were 15.0 ± 1.5 (11.8 -18.3) for the healthy eyes, 38.4 ± 8.1(29.6 -53.7) for glaucomatous eyes and 10.4 ± 2.0(5.3 -12.2) for eyes with uveitis. There was a strong correlation and accuracy between the IOP values with the manometry and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatorystudy the IOP values obtained with the tonometer were compatible for animals with healthy eyes and with clinical signs of glaucoma and uveitis. We conclude that the Kowa HA-2 tonometer can be used in the measurement of IOP in cats, since it is a practical and accurate method in this species. Key words: Applanation tonometer. Ocular manometry. Intraocular pressure. Cats. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na aferição da pressão intraocular (PIO) em gatos. Dez olhos saudáveis foram utilizados em um estudo ex vivo no qual a curva de calibração para manometria versus tonometria foi determinada por elevação artificial da PIO em incrementos de 5 mmHg até 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Ambos os olhos de 10 gatos anestesiados foram utilizados no estudo in vivo para comparar a manometria versus a tonometria. No estudo ambulatorial, 78 olhos saudáveis, 7 olhos com glaucoma e 20 olhos com uveíte foram avaliados pela tonometria, que foi realizada com anestesia tópica e colírio de fluoresceína a 1% para a formação de semicírculos de fluoresceína. O coeficiente de correlação (r²) entre o manômetro e o tonômetro Kowa HA-2 foi de 0,993 e a equação de regressão linear foi y = 0,0915x + 0,0878 no estudo ex-vivo. No estudo in vivo, os valores de PIO (média ± DP, em mmHg) na manometria foram de 15,6 ± 1,1(14.0 -17.5) e na tonometria foi de 15,5 ± 1,2(13.5 -17.2), sem diferença significativa (P > 0,05) entre manometria e tonometria. No estudo ambulatorial, com o tonômetro Kowa HA-2, os valores de PIO (média ± DP, em mmHg) foram 15,0 ± 1,5(11.8-18.3) para os olhos saudáveis, 38,4 ± 8,1(29.6...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

Ricci

Giuffrida

Kanashiro

et al. 2017

SCA

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“…These studies show an excellent accuracy with this tonometer, which has the advantage of being cheaper than the Tono-Pen (ANDRADE et al, 2009(ANDRADE et al, , 2011(ANDRADE et al, , 2012(ANDRADE et al, , 2013. Another handheld applanation tonometer that uses Goldmann methodology is the Kowa HA-2 tonometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…So, for example, an IOP reading of 1.2 from the tonometer would be equal to x = 1.2 -0.1123/0.0886 = 12.2 mmHg in the equation. Therefore, in clinical practice, the Kowa HA-2 scale readings are converted to estimates of IOP in mmHg by multiplying the reading by 10, which is done routinely in humans (SCHOTTENSTEIN, 1996) and was also verified in other studies with the Perkins tonometer in dogs, cats, equine and cattle (ANDRADE et al, 2009(ANDRADE et al, , 2011(ANDRADE et al, , 2012(ANDRADE et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in dogs

Andrade

Kanashiro

et al. 2016

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs. Twenty eyes were used in an ex vivo study in which the calibration curve for manometry vs. tonometry was determined by artificially raising the IOP in 5 mmHg increments up to 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Both eyes of 10 anesthetized dogs were studied in vivo to compare manometry vs. tonometry. In the ambulatory study, 168 healthy eyes, 74 eyes with glaucoma and 60 eyes with uveitis were evaluated by tonometry, which was performed with topical anesthesia and 1% fluorescein eye drops for the formation of fluorescein semicircles. The ex vivo study showed an excellent correlation coefficient (r 2 = 0.993) between the aneroid manometer and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the in vivo study, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the IOP values by manometry and tonometry, showing the excellent accuracy of the Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatory study using the Kowa HA-2 tonometer, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) were 15.1±1.8 (12.0 -20.0) for the healthy eyes, 25.2±4.0 (20.0 -38.0) for glaucomatous eyes and 10.1±2.3 (5.0 -13.7) for eyes with uveitis. There was a strong correlation between the IOP values obtained by direct ocular manometry and those from the Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatory study, the IOP values measured by the tonometer were compatible for healthy eyes and for eyes with glaucoma or uveitis. We conclude that Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer is accurate and practical for IOP measurement in dogs. Key words: Applanation tonometer. Dogs. Glaucoma. Kowa HA-2 tonometer. Ocular manometry. Uveitis. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na medição da pressão intraocular (PIO) em cães. Vinte olhos foram utilizados no estudo ex vivo onde a curva de calibração para a manometria versus tonometria foi determinada aumentando artificialmente a PIO em 5 mmHg até 60 mmHg (10 -60 mmHg). Ambos os olhos de 10 cães anestesiados foram estudados no estudo in 1±1,8 (12,0 -20,0), para os olhos com glaucoma 25,2±4,0 (20,0 -38,0), e para os olhos com uveíte,10,1±2,3 (5,0 -13,7). Houve uma forte correlação dos valores de PIO obtidos pela manometria ocular direta com os obtidos com o tonômetro Kowa HA-2. No estudo ambulatorial, os valores mensurados pelo tonômetro foram compatíveis para olhos saudáveis e com glaucoma e uveíte. Nós concluímos que o tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 é acurado e prático para a mensuração da PIO em cães. Palavras-chave: Cães. Glaucoma. Kowa HA-2. Manometria ocular. Tonômetro de aplanação. Uveíte.

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“…[1][2][3][4]14 Specifically, the auriculopalpebral (AP) motor nerve block temporarily and incompletely paralyzes the eyelid muscles (eyelid akinesia) 1,4,7,14 and allows examiners and surgeons to work around the strong eyelid closure ability especially prominent in large animal species such as horses and cattle. 2,4,15 The AP nerve block in horses is such common practice in the equine ophthalmic examination 2-4 that nearly all clinical patient IOP, as well as data presented in the literature, is obtained after administration of such a nerve block. [1][2][3][4] Numerous factors are known to affect IOP measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet^®)

Diehl

Bowden

2020

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To assess rebound tonometry intraocular pressure (IOP) in unsedated horses without and with auriculopalpebral (AP) nerve blocks. Animals Studied Twenty‐two client‐ and twenty university‐owned horses (84 total eyes) with unremarkable ophthalmic examinations were evaluated. Procedure One eye of each horse was chosen randomly, an AP block performed for that eye, and IOP measured in both eyes with a TonoVet®. The process was repeated for the contralateral eye 72 hours later under the same conditions as the initial measurements. Horses were unsedated for nerve blocks and tonometry. Linear mixed‐effects models were used for comparisons with statistical significance threshold of 0.05. Results Overall, blocked eyes had an 0.8 mm Hg lower average IOP than unblocked eyes (P = .039). IOP for client‐owned horses was on average 3.2 mm Hg lower than in UGA‐owned horses (P = .025) and was more impacted by AP block (1.4 mm Hg lower average in client‐owned blocked versus unblocked eyes (P = .006)). Block effectiveness was ranked on a subjective scale (“good”, “poor”, no block/control), and IOP was on average lower in eyes with a good block (P = .008). Conclusion Although there were statistically significant differences in IOP between blocked and unblocked eyes, between client‐ and UGA‐owned horses, and between eyes with good and poor AP blocks, these differences were not clinically significant. Thus, AP blocks remain a useful tool for evaluating equine ophthalmic health with minimal impact on IOP assessment.

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Intraocular pressure measurements with the Tono-Pen XL® and Perkins® applanation tonometers in horses and cattle

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in dogs

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet^®)

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Intraocular pressure measurements with the Tono-Pen XL® and Perkins® applanation tonometers in horses and cattle

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in dogs

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet®)

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Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet^®)