Botulismo em bovinos leiteiros no Sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Costa, Geraldo Márcio da; Salvador, Sandro César; Pereira, Marcos Neves

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782008000700045

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…In other botulism outbreaks in confined animals, the morbidity rate was varied: for example, in animals infected with corn silage, a 6.81% rate was observed; while in another study evaluating 1,087 animals confirmed to be at-risk who were receiving contaminated maize, the average coefficient morbidity was close to 29.34% (Dutra 2001); and in confined animals receiving poultry litter, the variation in morbidity was from 3.43% to 100% (Dutra et al 2005). However, the high lethality coefficient of 100% observed in the outbreak analyzed in this current study corroborates with the findings of several other outbreaks evaluated (Dutra 2001, Dutra et al 2005, Costa et al 2008, Tavella et al 2014.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Economic impact of an outbreak of botulism in a cattle feedlot

et al. 2018

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Botulism is a febrile disease, fatal in most cases, which affects the muscles of locomotion, chewing, and swallowing, as well as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, causing flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest. In bovines, the etiology is due to the ingestion of neurotoxins types C and D formed by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum in an animal or vegetal substance, during decomposition. Vaccination is one of the most effective prophylactic means to prevent this disease. In this study, an outbreak of botulism was evaluated in a feedlot with 6,300 finishing cattle, wherein 25 died as a consequence of contracting this disease. The economic losses resulting from the deaths were analyzed, and economic analysis was conducted, involving the estimated cost of vaccination for the whole herd under risk, with the objective of evaluating whether this prophylactic practice is a viable action plan. The financial loss due to the deaths resulting from botulism in the case studied was found to be R$55,560.00, equivalent to 0.39% of the total monetary value of the herd. The cost of immunizing the entire herd under risk was 14.06% (for toxins exclusive to toxins C and D) and 22.22% (for polyvalent vaccines against clostridiosis) of the financial loss incurred as a consequence of the recorded deaths. It was concluded that botulism is a disease that can cause a significant economic impact on intensive livestock production systems, and that vaccination is an economically viable prophylactic action if performed with adequate sanitary planning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Economic impact of an outbreak of botulism in a cattle feedlot

et al. 2018

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“…Botulism in cattle has been the cause of great economic losses in the past years [5,7,8], with reports indicating that it is a potential source of food-borne botulism in humans [9,10]. This disease is therefore considered a widespread problem for both livestock production and human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many countries, including Brazil, BoNTs serotypes C and D are responsible for causing botulism in cattle [3–5]. Cattle with calcium and phosphorus deficiencies often resort to bone chewing to supplement their lack of minerals, which is the main cause of endemic botulism [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study [8], the same authors reported more than seven outbreaks of bovine botulism due to contaminated bedding for poultry, resulting in 3,299 dead animals. More recently, Costa et al [5] reported an outbreak of bovine botulism caused by serotypes C and D present in contaminated food, with 100% lethality in a dairy-producing property. Outbreaks of botulism have also been reported in Europe [9,10] and North America [11], where there is also great concern that infected animals will become a source of food-borne botulism for humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Evaluation of a Recombinant Chimeric Vaccine against Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Types C and D

et al. 2013

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Bovine botulism is a fatal disease that is caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum serotypes C and D and that causes great economic losses, with nearly 100% lethality during outbreaks. It has also been considered a potential source of human food-borne illness in many countries. Vaccination has been reported to be the most effective way to control bovine botulism. However, the commercially available toxoid-based vaccines are difficult and hazardous to produce. Neutralizing antibodies targeted against the C-terminal fragment of the BoNT heavy chain (HC) are known to confer efficient protection against lethal doses of BoNTs. In this study, a novel recombinant chimera, consisting of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB), a strong adjuvant of the humoral immune response, fused to the HC of BoNT serotypes C and D, was produced in E. coli. Mice vaccinated with the chimera containing LTB and an equivalent molar ratio of the chimera without LTB plus aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) developed 2 IU/mL of antitoxins for both serotypes. Guinea pigs immunized with the recombinant chimera with LTB plus Al(OH)3 developed a protective immune response against both BoNT/C (5 IU/mL) and BoNT/D (10 IU/mL), as determined by a mouse neutralization bioassay with pooled sera. The results achieved with guinea pig sera fulfilled the requirements of commercial vaccines for prevention of botulism, as determined by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food, Supply. The presence of LTB was essential for the development of a strong humoral immune response, as it acted in synergism with Al(OH)3. Thus, the vaccine described in this study is a strong candidate for the control of botulism in cattle.

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“…Despite this, botulism outbreaks associated with contaminated feed increases proportionally matters, becoming responsible for most reports from the 1990s (LOBATO et al, 2008). Sources of Botulism outbreaks commonly reported over the past two decades include food supplements, poorly packaged silage or silage contaminated with small animal carcasses (cats, rodents and birds), and poultry litter, one of the main causes of outbreaks to date (SCHOCKEN-ITURRINO & AVILA, 1991;ORTOLANI et al, 1997;LEMOS, 2005;DUTRA et al, 2005;LOBATO et al, 2008;COSTA et al, 2008;CÂMARA et al, 2011;RIBAS et al, 2013;CÂMARA et al, 2014;RAYMUNDO et al, 2014). Use of poultry litter in ruminant feeding was prohibited in 2004 due to the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (BRASIL, 2009), but it is still commonly used in cattle farming in Brazil, especially in dairy farms in the southeast and south of the country.…”

Section: Botulism In Cattle and Other Domestic Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%