Light exercise causes adaptive changes in muscles of young Brasileiro de Hipismo horses

D‘Angelis, Flora Helena de Freitas; Silva, Marco Augusto Giannoccaro da; Martins, Carla Braga; Ferraz, Guilherme de Camargo; Oliveira, João Ademir de; Boleli, Isabel Cristina; Neto, J. C. Lacerda; Queiroz-Neto, A.

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782008000500017

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to the current study, mature Andalusian horses undergoing low intensity (25–30% V LA 4) exercise training 5 d/wk for 60 min/d had a 20% increase in CS activity in the gluteus medius, as well as a 16% increase in the area occupied by type IIa fibers and a 17% increase in the ratio of type IIa: IIx after 12 wk of training 19 . Similarly, Arabian horses undergoing endurance training at a higher intensity (~80% VO 2 max) for 50–80 min/d, 4 d/wk had an increased relative area occupied by type I and IIa fibers after 12 wk of training 20 . A greater exercise intensity or a longer duration may be necessary to increase Mt density in this population, as Quarter Horses tend to have a greater percentage of type IIa and IIx fibers than either Andalusian or Arabian horses 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Submaximal exercise training improves mitochondrial efficiency in the gluteus medius but not in the triceps brachii of young equine athletes

White

Warren

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We tested the hypothesis that, similar to humans and rodents, exercise training would enhance mitochondrial (Mt) biogenesis and function in skeletal muscle of young horses. Twenty-four Quarter Horse yearlings were randomly assigned to either submaximal exercise training or no forced exercise (untrained). Biopsies were collected from the gluteus medius and triceps brachii before and after 9 wk of treatment. Citrate synthase activity was lower (P < 0.0001) and cytochrome c oxidase activity per Mt unit was higher (P < 0.0001) in gluteus compared to triceps, but neither changed over the trial period. From wk 0 to 9, intrinsic Mt respiration (PCI, PCI+II; P = 0.008) and electron transport capacity (ECI+II; P = 0.01) increased, and LEAK-related flux control factor (FCFL; P = 0.02) decreased in both muscles. After 9 wk of training, gluteus muscle exhibited higher (P < 0.05) intrinsic PCI, PCI+II, ECI+II, and FCFCI and FCFCI+II, and lower FCFL (P = 0.0002). Mitochondrial content did not change from wk 0 to 9, and also not in response to submaximal exercise training. Improvements in Mt function were most directly related to ongoing growth of horses independent of muscle group, and training further enhanced Mt function in the gluteus medius.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Submaximal exercise training improves mitochondrial efficiency in the gluteus medius but not in the triceps brachii of young equine athletes

White

Warren

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…In horses, depending on the breed, there can be an increase in the oxidative capacity of type II fibers in the first year of life (Valberg and Borgia, ). In this same species, low intensity, long duration exercises are more effective in improving the strength and vigor (Lindner et al, ), increasing the oxidative capacity of the muscle (D'Angelis et al, ), which may serve as a basis for training public safety dogs. In the correlation of females and age group, there was no significant difference, probably due to the small size of the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Muscle Fiber Types in German Shepherd Dogs of Different Ages

Braga

Padilha

Ferreira

2016

The Anatomical Record

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The objective of this study was to determine and confirm the percentage of type I and type II muscle fibers that comprise the Gluteus Medius muscle in male and female canines of the German Shepherd breed, with standardized care, in different age groups, using the enzyme histochemical method. Muscle samples were collected from the Gluteus Medius muscles of forty clinically healthy dogs of the German Shepherd breed using the technique of percutaneous needle muscle biopsy. The samples were evaluated using histological and enzyme histochemical methods. The percentages of type I and II fibers and the ratio between the quantity of type I fibers/quantity of type II fibers were evaluated using the parameters of weight, age group, correlation between sex and age group, and between the sexes. It was found that there was no significant difference in relation to the types of fibers for the parameters of weight, age group, and age of the females. The correlation between the ages of the males suggested an increase in the percentage of type I fibers, a decrease in the percentage of type II fibers, or an increase in the ratio during the aging process. It was concluded that there was a decrease in the percentage of type II fibers with advancing age in male dogs, but without significant difference in the percentage of type I and type II fibers in relation to the weight. Anat Rec, 299:1540-1547, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…In 3-to 4-yr-old Thoroughbred horses, 18 wk of high-intensity exercise training (90 to 110% VO2 max) on a treadmill at a 6 incline resulted in an increase in CS activity in the GM(Kitaoka et al, 2012). Similarly, Arabian horses subjected to endurance exercise training at 80% VO2 max for 50-80 min/d, 4 d/wk for 12 wk exhibited an increase in type I and IIa fibers with a concomitant decrease in type IIx fibers in mature Arabian horses(D'Angelis et al, 2008). It is generally accepted that greater mitochondrial measures are positively correlated with the percentage of oxidative type I and IIa fibers.…”

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confidence: 91%

Effects of decreased dietary vitamin E plus a proprietary antioxidant blend on mitochondria in young performance horses

Owen

White

Brennan

2019

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Mitochondrial health is pertinent to optimizing athletic performance and is maintained in part by dietary antioxidants such as selenium (Se) and vitamin E (vitE). Mitochondrial adaptations to elevated dietary Se coupled with decreased vitE have not yet been determined.Young Quarter Horses (mean ± SEM; 17.6 ± 0.2 mo) were used to test the hypothesis that horses receiving a proprietary antioxidant blend containing Se yeast (EconomasE, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) would have improved mitochondrial characteristics compared to horses receiving Se and vitE at current requirements, regardless of reduced vitE intake. Horses were balanced by age, sex, BW, and farm of origin and randomly assigned to one of three customformulated concentrates fed at 1% BW (DM basis): 1) 100 IU vitE/kg DM and 0.1 mg Se/kg DM (CON, n = 6), 2) no added vitE plus EconomasE to provide 0.1 mg Se/kg DM (ESe1, n = 6), or 3) no added vitE plus EconomasE to provide 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (ESe3, n=6). Tissue was collected from the gluteus medius at wk 0 and 12 of dietary treatment and evaluated for mitochondrial enzyme activities by kinetic, colorimetry and mitochondrial capacities by highresolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS v9.4 with repeated measures (time) and fixed effects of time, diet, and time × diet; horse(diet) served as a random effect. Mitochondrial number (citrate synthase activity; CS), function (cytochrome c oxidase activity; CCO), and integrated (per mg tissue) oxidative (P) and electron transport (E) capacities increased from wk 0 to 12 in all horses (P ≤ 0.05). Intrinsic (relative to CS) CCO activity and P and E capacities, decreased from wk 0 to 12 (P ≤ 0.02). Horses in CON had higher integrated P with complex I and II substrates (PCI+II), ECI+II, and ECII than ESe1 throughout the study (P ≤ 0.03); integrated ECII was also higher in CON than ESe3 (P = 0.03). Results from the current vi CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES This work was supervised by a thesis committee consisting of Dr. Sarah White of the

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Light exercise causes adaptive changes in muscles of young Brasileiro de Hipismo horses

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Submaximal exercise training improves mitochondrial efficiency in the gluteus medius but not in the triceps brachii of young equine athletes

Submaximal exercise training improves mitochondrial efficiency in the gluteus medius but not in the triceps brachii of young equine athletes

Evaluation of Muscle Fiber Types in German Shepherd Dogs of Different Ages

Effects of decreased dietary vitamin E plus a proprietary antioxidant blend on mitochondria in young performance horses

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