Exploring anorganic bovine bone granules as osteoblast carriers for bone bioengineering: a study in rat critical-size calvarial defects

Abstract

It is known that current trends on bone bioengineering seek ideal scaffolds and explore innovative methods to restore tissue function. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of anorganic bovine bone as osteoblast carrier in critical-size calvarial defects. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells (1x10 5 cells/well) were cultured on granules of anorganic bovine bone in 24-well plates and after 24 h these granules were implanted into rat critical-size calvarial defects (group Biomaterial + Cells). In addition, other groups were established with different fillings of the defect: Blood Clot (negative control); Autogenous Bone (positive control); Biomaterial (only granules) and Cells (only MC3T3-E1 cells). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized and the calvaria were technically processed in order to allow histological and morphometric analysis. It was possible to detect blood vessels, connective tissue and newly formed bone in all groups. Particularly in the Biomaterial + Cells group, it was possible to observe a profile of biological events between the positive control group (autogenous bone) and the group in which only anorganic bovine granules were implanted. Altogether, the results of the present study showed that granules of anorganic bovine bone can be used as carrier to osteoblasts and that adding growth factors at the moment of implantation should maximize these results.

Kinome profiling of osteoblasts on hydroxyapatite opens new avenues on biomaterial cell signaling

“…Apatite, a group of phosphate minerals, are widely spread in nature (Bose and Tarafder, ; Dorozhkin, ). In particular, the inorganic phase of hard vertebrate tissues is very similar to synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , (Bertazzo et al, ,; Bose and Tarafder, ; Dorozhkin, ; Zambuzzi et al, ). The similarity with biological apatites accounts for the high biocompatibility of synthetic HA, making it a potential osteo‐substitute material (Bertazzo et al, ).…”

Bone Regeneration Using Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Various Biomaterial Carriers

“…These studies demonstrate that HA is a very promising carrier for delivery of BMPs not only because it is osteoconductive and aids in retention of growth factors but also because it enhances the delivery of growth factors [47,203,204,205]. HA has very low biodegradation and that is a major disadvantage [196,206]. This limits the amount of newly formed bone that can replace the resorbing graft tissue [206].…”

“…HA has very low biodegradation and that is a major disadvantage [196,206]. This limits the amount of newly formed bone that can replace the resorbing graft tissue [206]. To overcome this problem, β-TCP can be added to HA, to create a biphasic calcium phosphate composite material [207].…”

Layered Double Hydroxides Are Promising Nanomaterials for Tissue Bioengineering Application

“…To date, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy is the newest program considered by the FDA, responsible to design drug development and review processes for promising pipeline products . In this context, preliminary in vitro approaches and preclinical strategies are needed . Altogether, the application of these technologies as alternatives tools to decrease or omit the need for autogenous grafts is expected …”