Infecção por Clostridium tetani no recém-nascido: revisão sobre o tétano neonatorum

Abstract

Although tetanus is a preventable disease by vaccination, it continues to claim lives around the world. Whereas cases of accidental origin reflect insufficient population immunization, tetanus neonatorum reveals a doublenature fault-poor vaccination coverage of adults coupled with difficulties accessing appropriate prenatal care; this situation is aggravated by the extreme severity of tetanus in this age group in which the mortality rate can reach up to 80%. The early detection of tetanus in neonates is essential for immediately initiating the proper therapy. Therefore, although reaching an early diagnosis of tetanus is important, the most relevant aspect is related to the appropriate management and prophylaxis of this disease. Consequently, the aim of this article is to review neonatorum tetanus with an emphasis on its therapy and prevention.

Case Report: Accidental Tetanus

“…Comparing the data in this report in relation to the type of wound that initiated the injury and its topography, we have found an association of the data with the information from other Brazilian studies, referring also to the socio-economic characteristics and occupational activities of the patients involved [7,8]. The exotoxins released act on the central nervous system, causing important neurological disorders, which requires a quick medical action and admission of patients to the intensive care treatment, with direct impact on morbidity and mortality.…”

“…The exotoxins released act on the central nervous system, causing important neurological disorders, which requires a quick medical action and admission of patients to the intensive care treatment, with direct impact on morbidity and mortality. The approach of a qualified multidisciplinary team and continuous monitoring are necessary, because of the risk of poor prognosis and complications [4][5][6][7][8]. Tetanus remains a serious hazard to people with insufficient or no immunization.…”

Velocidade de crescimento de crianças de uma coorte até o sexto mês de vida

“…Apesar de não existir relatos similares na literatura da associação verificada para a vacinação contra o tétano durante a gravidez com as velocidades de perímetro cefálico, nos três momentos, e de comprimento, no mês 1, é possível cogitar que esse resultado esteja circunstanciado ao fato do tétano neonatorum acarretar dificuldade progressiva na alimentação, como na sucção e deglutição, que redunda em fome. No recém-nascido, a entidade é ocasionada pela insuficiência de anticorpos maternos transferidos por via transplacentária, cuja principal forma de prevenção é a vacinação durante a gestação 31 .…”

Electrochemical measurement of Clostridium tetani using a reduced graphene oxide modified electrode and polyaniline–gold nanoparticle-labelled probe

“…Early detection of tetanus is essential for immediate initiation of appropriate therapy. 7 Conventionally, microscopy, culturing, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been employed in the diagnosis of tetanus. However, microscopy is insensitive, and the results of culturing always take up to 2-4 days.…”