Condensed Tannins from the bark of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae)

Abstract

Das cascas de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae) foram isolados e identificados nove compostos: ent-catequina, epicatequina, ent-galocatequina, epigalocatequina, epiafzelequina-(4β→8)-epicatequina, epicatequina-(4β→8)-catequina (procianidina B1), epicatequina-(4β→8)-epicatequina (procianidina B2), epicatequina-(4β→8)-epigalocatequina, e a nova substância 4'-O-metil-epiafzelequina. Suas estruturas foram elucidadas com base nos dados espectrais e da literatura. A "impressão digital" de um extrato semipurificado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foi realizada em coluna C18, com uma mistura de acetonitrila (0,05% de ácido trifluoroacético):água (0,05% de ácido trifluoroacético) (v/v) com vazão de 0,8 mL min -1 . O volume injetado da amostra foi de 100 µL e o comprimento de onda 210 nm.From the bark of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae), nine compounds were isolated and identified: ent-catechin, epicatechin, ent-gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin (procyanidin B1), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin (procyanidin B2), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, and the new compound 4'-O-methylepiafzelechin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and literature data. HPLC fingerprint analysis of the semipurified extract was performed on a C18 column, with a mixture of acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid):water (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid) (v/v) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min -1 . The sample injection volume was 100 µL and the wavelength was 210 nm. Keywords: Guazuma ulmifolia, condensed tannins, HPLC, fingerprint IntroductionDespite extensive destruction, it is believed that the rainforests still preserve 30 million individual species, roughly half of all life forms on earth and 2/3 of all plants, without mentioning the importance of these forests to the earth's weather and atmosphere. In South America, the Amazon tropical forest covers approximately 665 million hectares, of which 60% lies within Brazil, covering 59% of the country's territory, in nine states: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins. 1 The importance of conserving the Amazon tropical forest is not limited only to the animal and plant species themselves, but also to the rich knowledge of the local people about the use of medicinal plants. Their knowledge stems as much from the necessity for alternative treatments because of low purchasing power and the difficulty of access to medical assistance, as from the profound cultural influence of the indigenous peoples of the region.It is known that rapid social, cultural and economic changes strongly affect local knowledge of how to use natural resources. The problems stemming from this cultural loss are irreversible, and this loss reduces the possibilities of sustainably developing a region based on local experience. 2 The discussion of alternatives for development and their relationship with the productive use of biodiversity is recent in Brazil. A proposal for sustainable d...

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Decreases Oxidative Stress in Blood Cells and Prevents Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity

“…Medicinal plants are key targets in the search for therapeutic alternatives against oxidative stress because some phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, have antioxidant properties capable of maintaining the redox balance and protecting cells against damage caused by excess ROS [ 39 ]. In this study, several compounds, previously described in the literature, were identified in G. ulmifolia stem bark, such as phenolic acids, flavan-3-ol-derived flavonoids (monomers and dimers), and condensed tannins, including epicatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, procyanidins, prodelphinidin–procyanidin, and procyanidin–profisetinidin [ 40 , 41 ]. Phenolic acids and glycosylated flavonoids (with one, two, or three sugars), including chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, and luteolin, were identified in leaf extracts [ 18 , 42 ].…”

GC MS/MS analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Alcoholic Seed Extract of Gauzuma ulmifolia Lam

“…1 The use of the plant is well documented in the traditional literature as a remedy for various ailments, such as bronchitis, burns, diarrhoea, asthma, inflammation, alopecia, diuretic, astringent and veneral diseases. This plant was reported to have anti-oxidant, 3 antidiabetic, 4,5 hypotensive, 6 vasorelaxant, antiulcer, 7 antibacterial 9,10 and antiviral 11 activity.…”

Characterization of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. seed gum and its effect on the activity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin on Bemisia tabaci Genn

“…G. ulmifolia is a tree that grows in tropical zones of Mexico, South America and in the Caribbean. This tree is considered a multipurpose tree which is used as ground cover and forage source in cattle production (Villa et al, 2009;Manríquez et al, 2011), as well as cosmetics and medicament (Berenguer et al, 2007;Lopes et al, 2009;Alonso & Salazar, 2008;Patel et al, 2012). Gum obtained from bark and leaves of G. ulmifolia has been use as strengthener and fixer of color in archaeological paintings (Ruiz, 2009;Carrascosa & Lorenzo, 2013).…”