Violência contra a mulher: limites e potencialidades da prática assistencial

Abstract

Objective: Analyzing the limiting and potentializing situations during the assistance of the Family Health teams to women in situations of violence. Methods: This is a participatory research carried out with 30 professionals from six Family Health teams. Data production was the result of eight workshop-meetings. The technique of thematic content was used for data analysis. Results: User embracement is potentialized by qualified hearing and the elaboration of an assistance plan shared with users also respecting their decisions and their family context. It is limited by the understanding that women should report the violence to enable the proposition of an intervention. It is recommended to resume concepts and practices of gender as well as human and social rights to strengthen supportive actions. Conclusion: Home visits and the bonding between professionals and users are considered potentializers of user embracement and the limitation is the difficulty of obtaining the report of women who suffered violence and engage them in a care project. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar as situações limitadoras e potencializadoras da prática assistencial das equipes de Saúde da Família à mulher em situação de violência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante com 30 profissionais de seis equipes de saúde da família. A produção dos dados foi resultado de oito reuniões-oficinas. A análise dos dados se deu segundo a técnica de conteúdo temática. Resultados: O acolhimento mostra-se potencializado com a escuta qualificada e elaboração de plano assistencial compartilhado com a usuária respeitando sua decisão e seu contexto familiar. Está limitado pelo entendimento de que a mulher deve relatar a violência para que seja possível propor uma intervenção. Recomenda-se retomar conceitos e práticas de gênero, direitos humanos e sociais para fortalecer ações acolhedoras. Conclusão: A visita domiciliar e o vínculo entre os profissionais e a usuária são considerados potencializadores do acolhimento e, como limite, observa-se a dificuldade de obter o relato da mulher que sofreu violência e de comprometê-la em um projeto assistencial.

Women’s primary care nursing in situations of gender violence

“…23 A study conducted in southern Brazil shows some disregard of the surveillance service for the implementation of the notification and its registration in the system, which is not always considered a priority, and an underestimation of the reality of situations of violence. 15 This study found, based on the statements of the respondents, that lack of time for humanized care and the unpreparedness for this type of care are limiting factors to the nurses' performance and contribute to the underreporting of cases of violence. Other studies claim that underreporting is due to unpreparedness of health professionals, lack of time for thorough service, lack of information related to the systematization of care in these cases, among other reasons.…”

“…This finding corroborates a study that names this bond with professionals as a condition for listening and reporting violence. 15 To develop care actions for women in situations of violence, nurses use some enablers such as attentive listening, empathy, and a bond to welcome these women, in addition to the technical-assistance devices in the health service. Welcoming them is understood as an attitude and practice that promotes the building of trust and commitment of the users with the teams and services, aimed at resolving the answers to the problems identified through listening.…”

“…This assumption is the basis for a more assertive care practice for women in situations of violence. 15 In the search for a resolution, or even for identifying situations of violence, qualified listening must be used in order to obtain more information on, for instance, the health, housing, and education conditions of the woman and her family group.…”

The Biopsychosocial Sphere of Women Victims of Violence: A Systematic Review

“…When asked about the forms of psychological aggression suffered, the most cited were: insults, verbal threats and intimidating looks, and external communication deprivation, either through verbal or electronic means (3,5,22).…”

“…There are also sexual violence situations where the woman is forced to have sex with her partner against her will or to perform unconventional sex acts (5,22,23). …”