Vivências maternas associadas ao aleitamento materno exclusivo mais duradouro: um estudo etnográfico

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: Descrever as experiências da amamentação de mães usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde buscando, tanto aprender conhecimentos, expectativas, concepções e sentimentos envolvidos como identificar aspectos relevantes para o aleitamento materno exclusivo mais prolongado. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo de cunho etnográfico realizado com oito primíparas e familiares de referência, mediante observação e entrevistas domiciliares durante o 1º semestre de vida dos bebês. Os dados foram sistematizados em três categorias: Iniciando a amamentação; Vivenciando o processo de desmame precoce; Mantendo o aleitamento materno exclusivo. Resultados: A amamentação apresentou-se como evento particular nos diferentes contextos de sua ocorrência, porém foi possível identificar que o aleitamento exclusivo esteve ligado à determinação materna, a despeito das dificuldades vividas. O aleitamento materno exclusivo mais duradouro relacionou-se às mães que se mostraram motivadas com a prática, cientes de seus benefícios e apoiadas pela família, mesmo diante de interferência contrária de seu meio cultural. Conclusão: A ausência de determinação materna em amamentar exclusivamente deve ser investigada e, quando presente, receber abordagem especial pelos profissionais de saúde. Descritores: Aleitamento materno; Comportamento materno; Etnografia ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the experiences of breastfeeding mothers using the Unified Health System who were seeking to obtain knowledge, expectations, perceptions and feelings involved with identifying aspects relevant for more prolonged, exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic study conducted with eight primiparas and family references, through observation and household interviews during the first semester of the infants' lives. The data were summarized in three categories: starting breastfeeding; experiencing the process of early weaning; maintaining exclusive breastfeeding. Results: Breastfeeding appeared as a particular event in different contexts of occurrence, however, it was possible to identify that exclusive breastfeeding was linked to maternal determination, despite the difficulties experienced. Longer lasting exclusive breastfeeding was related to the mothers who were highly motivated to practice, those who were aware of its benefits and were supported by their family, even in the face of interference contrary to their culture. Conclusion: The lack of determination for exclusive maternal breastfeeding should be investigated and, when present, receive special consideration by health professionals. Keywords: Breastfeeding; Maternal behavior; Ethnography RESUMENObjetivo: Describir las experiencias del amamantamiento de madres usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud buscando, tanto aprender conocimientos, expectativas, concepciones y sentimientos involucrados como identificar aspectos relevantes para la lactancia materno exclusiva más prolongada. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de cuño etnográfico realizado con ocho primíparas y familiares de referencia, mediante observ...

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