Desnutrição e excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão de estudos brasileiros

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura brasileira sobre a prevalência e os fatores associados ao déficit de estatura e ao excesso de peso em crianças e adolescentes de cinco a 19 anos. FONTES DE DADOS: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e Bireme, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: "desnutrição", "déficit estatural", "obesidade", "sobrepeso", "IMC", "criança", "escolar", "adolescente" e "Brasil". Foram considerados os seguintes critérios de seleção: artigo original de base populacional, avaliação dos fatores associados por meio de análise estatística de regressão, e artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2010. SINTESE DOS DADOS: No que se refere ao déficit estatural, apenas dois estudos atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos, apresentando variações de 3,5 a 16,7%, com indicação da condição social e da escolaridade dos jovens como fatores associados. Dos 12 estudos que investigaram o excesso de peso, 67% foram realizados na região Sul do Brasil e nenhum incluiu o Norte do país. A maioria apresentou delineamento transversal. As prevalências variaram de 13,9 a 38,9%, sendo os principais fatores associados: padrões socioeconômicos, influência familiar e estilo de vida sedentário. CONCLUSÕES: As associações das variáveis renda e nível de escolaridade com o déficit de estatura e com o sobrepeso, embora com tendências opostas, chamam a atenção. Sugere-se a realização de mais estudos, em especial nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil.

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of a Brazilian Version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire

“…In the present study, nutritional status data suggest agreement with the epidemiological results, showing normal weight prevalence among adults and children followed by an increase in overweight and obesity rates of the population (Leal et al, 2012;Ministério da Saúde, 2014). Addressing the positive correlation between children's and parental nutritional status, and considering the family setting as a major factor contributing to the development of children's eating behavior and overweight tendency in childhood, recent studies have evidenced that family adiposity patterns are well established and influenced by cultural and genetic factors (Fox et al, 2014).…”

Nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 7-10 years enrolled in public and private schools of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil

“…Moreover, the study prevalence rate of obesity was lower than the 14.1% found by a recent meta-analysis of Brazilian children and adolescents 4 . These differences may be related to behavioral determinants, such as time spent on computer games and boys' easy access to unhealthy foods, since girls are more selective about healthy foods 2,6,7 . However, the present study did not target these determinants for analysis.…”

“…Although the prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) is a typical characteristics of middle-income countries 8,21 , this scenario may be partly justified by the Brazilian food profile, which is high in animal fat and commercially processed foods, factors apparently associated with higher socioeconomic status 2,11,12,21,27 . Such factors contribute not only to the accumulation of body fat but also to the development of numerous disorders, and chronic and degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and cardiopathy 5 .…”

“…In Brazil childhood overweight and obesity are important public health problems that affect children of all ages, more in the South and Southeast regions than in the North/Northeast regions, probably because of the socioeconomic differences between the populations living in these regions 1,3 . Moreover, a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity has been observed in children from private schools compared with children from public schools 2,3,11 . This phenomenon deserves attention and its analysis may promote the establishment of specific intervention actions [12][13][14] .…”

Nutritional status of urban adolescents: individual, household and neighborhood factors based on data from The BH Health Study

“…Although rates have decreased, underweight is still a major problem in a number of medium and low-income countries 5,6 . Currently, however, weight gain is the single biggest public health concern as the worldwide prevalence of overweight in adult men and women between 1980 to 2013 increased from 28.8% to 36.9%, and 29.8% to 38% , respectively 7 .…”