História de vida de adolescentes autistas: contribuições para a Fonoaudiologia e a Pediatria

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the dialogic processes of six autistic adolescents during speech-language therapy about their life stories, searching for support for pediatricians and speechlanguage therapists to work with their families in order to improve their development.Methods: Data collection was carried out from video recordings of two speech-language therapy sessions with six subjects diagnosed with global development delay (three with autistic disorder and three with Asperger's disorder). The recordings were transcribed and data were separated into five themes. The analyses were based on qualitative research approach, in the context of the historical-cultural theory and the semiotic-indiciary paradigm.Results: The following categories emerged from data collection: leisure, school level, social group, childhood facts, adolescence experiences and interests. Such categories reflected the experiences lived by the subjects and the way they signify the world and are signified by others. These categories allowed us to list the difficulties experienced by these subjects and their families.Conclusions: The patients' indications reveal the need for continuous guidance about the aspects outlined in the categories, from the very moment that diagnosis is received, allowing the individual to have a more effective social participation and linguistic-cognitive development. The pediatrician and the speech-language therapist are the professionals to provide such guidance, once they are the first to work with autistic children and to actively participate of their lives, from the moment of diagnosis until adolescence. Key-words: child development disorders, pervasive; language; social group; adolescent. RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar os processos dialógicos de seis adolescentes autistas, durante terapia fonoaudiológica a respeito de suas histórias de vida, buscando subsídios para o pediatra e o fonoaudiólogo trabalharem com a família, a fim de impulsionar o desenvolvimento desses sujeitos.Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da vídeogra-vação de duas sessões fonoaudiológicas com seis sujeitos diagnosticados como transtorno global do desenvolvimento, sendo três com transtorno autista e três com Asperger. As gravações foram transcritas e os dados, separados em eixos temáticos. As análises foram respaldadas na perspectiva qualitativa de pesquisa, sob a ótica da teoria histórico-cultural e o paradigma indiciário.Resultados: Obtiveram-se as seguintes categorias a partir da coleta dos dados: lazer, escolaridade, grupo social, fatos da infância, vivências da adolescência e interesses. Tais categorias elucidaram as experiências vivenciadas pelos sujeitos e o modo como eles significam o mundo e são significados Original Article pelos outros, permitindo elencar dificuldades vivenciadas por esses sujeitos e seus familiares.Conclusões: Os apontamentos dos sujeitos mostram a necessidade de orientações contínuas sobre os aspectos destacados nas categorias, desde o momento da descoberta do diagnóstico, proporcionando ao indivíduo u...