Experimental model for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on ischemic random skin flap in rats

Liebano, Richard Eloin; Ferreira, Lydia Masako; Neto, Miguel Sabino

doi:10.1590/s0102-86502003001100008

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This may be due to a wide range of flap necrosis usually observed in this type of model. This variation is reported by other studies using the same model of skin flap 4,18,30,37,38 and has not been satisfactorily explained in the literature. Similar findings can be found in other studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Effect of low‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat: An amplitude study

Liebano

Abla

Ferreira

2008

Wound Repair Regeneration

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low-frequency (2 Hz) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat. Seventy-five EPM1-Wistar rats were used. The random skin flap measuring 10 x 4 cm was raised and a plastic barrier was placed between the flap and its bed. After the surgical procedure, animals in all groups were kept anesthetized for 1 hour, with electrodes placed at the base of the flap, and received the assigned treatment. The animals were randomized into five groups (G1-G5) and each group was subjected to the following procedures, which were repeated on the 2 subsequent days: G1-sham stimulation (control); G2-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS (f=2 Hz, I=5 mA), G3-TENS (f=2 Hz, I=10 mA), G4-TENS (f=2 Hz, I=15 mA), G5-TENS (f=2 Hz, I=20 mA). Seven days after treatment, the percentage of flap necrosis was determined. For each group, the mean+/-SEM percentage of flap necrosis was as follows: G1 group (control), 43.88+/-2.02%; G2 group, 39.20+/-3.17%; G3 group, 38.57+/-4.08%; G4 group, 32.14+/-2.89%; and G5 group, 44.13+/-2.98%. The G4 group had the smallest necrotic area compared with the control group. The low-frequency TENS treatment was effective in improving the viability of ischemic skin flap.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…This procedure was repeated on the 2 subsequent days, with the animals anesthetized according to the same schedule and for the same period of time (1 hour). 30 The pulse duration was set at 200 ms for all treatment groups and the electrodes were removed after each TENS application.…”

Section: Tens Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat: An amplitude study

Liebano

Abla

Ferreira

2008

Wound Repair Regeneration

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“…Low-power lasers have been reported to have biostimulating effects. Due to the important circulation effects found as neoangiogenesis, the increasing of blood flow and fibroblasts proliferation, the research on low laser therapy in skin flaps was started 2,3,9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, new surgical interventions are needed, so increasing the return time to daily activities. [1][2][3] However, several investigators have researched on both mechanisms and some possible drugs which help the viability of skin flap, by improving the blood flow. [4][5][6][7] Moreover, many of these drugs present undesirable side effects, making their use unviable in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental model for low level laser therapy on ischemic random skin flap in rats

et al. 2006

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Purpose:To develop an experimental model to be used in the study of low level Laser therapy on viability of random skin flap in rats. Methods: The sample was 24 Wistar-EPM rats. The random skin flap measured 10 x 4 cm and a plastic sheet was interposed between the flap and donor site. Group 1 (control) underwent sham irradiation with diode laser (830 nm). Group 2 was submitted to laser irradiation with diode laser (830 nm). The animals were submitted to Laser therapy with 36 J/cm 2 energy density (72 seconds) immediately after the surgery and on the four subsequent days. The probe was usually held in contact with the skin flap surface on a point at 2.5 cm cranial from the flap base. On the seventh postoperative day, the percentage of necrotic area was measured and calculated. Results: Group 1 reached an average necrotic area of 48.86%, Group 2 -23.14%. After the statistic analysis, compared with the control group, Group 2 showed a statistically significant increase in survival area (p<0.001).Conclusion: The experimental model proved to be reliable to be used in the study of effects of low level laser therapy in random skin flap in rats. Key words: Laser Therapy, Low-Level. Surgical Flaps. Necrosis. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Propor o desenvolvimento de um modelo experimental para verificar o efeito da laserterapia de baixa intensidade na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos. Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de 24 ratos, da linhagem Wistar-EPM. O retalho cutâneo randômico foi realizado com dimensões de 10x4 cm e uma barreira plástica foi interposta entre o mesmo e o leito doador. O Grupo 1 (controle), foi submetido a uma simulação de tratamento com a irradiação laser de diodo (830 nm). O Grupo 2 foi submetido à irradiação laser de diodo (830 nm). Os animais foram submetidos a terapia a laser com densidade de energia de 36 J/cm2 (72 segundos) imediatamente após a operação e nos outros quatros dias subseqüentes. A caneta do laser foi posicionada a 90 graus em contato com o retalho cutâneo em um ponto a 2,5 cm da base cranial do retalho. No sétimo dia pós-operatório foram calculadas as porcentagens da área de necrose. Resultados: O Grupo 1 apresentou média da área de necrose de 48,86% e o Grupo 2 -23,14%. Após a análise estatística, os resultados mostraram que o Grupo 2 foi mais eficaz, quando comparado ao controle (p<0,001). Conclusão: O modelo experimental mostrou-se factível para estudos dos efeitos da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade em retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos. Descritores: Terapia a Laser de Baixa Intensidade. Retalhos Cirúrgicos. Necrose. Ratos.

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“…No caso do uso de aparelhagem, o efeito placebo consistiria, por exemplo, em aplicá-lo no paciente, porém desligado ou com uma potência mínima e comprovadamente ineficaz. 15 Geralmente é o método de mascaramento mais comum em ensaios clínicos aleatorizados. A metodização do mascaramento também deve ser sistematicamente pormenorizada.…”

Section: Duplo-cego (Double-blind)unclassified

Desenhos de pesquisa

et al. 2005

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RESUMOO presente estudo de revisão visa uniformizar a nomenclatura e os conceitos classificatórios existentes na literatura, relativos aos desenhos ou modelos de estudo científico mais comumente utilizados em pesquisas na área clínico-cirúrgica geral. Procurou-se facilitar a elaboração do delineamento de um projeto de pesquisa científica, visando sua aplicabilidade. Esta revisão também tem o intuito de auxiliar o cirurgião-pesquisador a identificar qual foi o delineamento proposto em um artigo, assim como desenvolver um senso de crítica metodológica mais apurada sobre o mesmo, além de desmistificar a miscelânea conceitual existente na literatura. Descritores: Pesquisa Biomédica. Modelos Epidemiológicos. Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica. Ensaios Clínicos. Estudos de Coortes. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the classifications and concepts found at the literature regarding the research models on scientific studies commonly used in medical articles. This paper provides elements to facilitate the creation of a research model. It also helps the researcher to identify which is the research model of an article. This article will enable the reader of a scientific paper to have a more accurate sense of criticism of the Methods of a study. Key words: Biomedical Research. Epidemiologic Models. Epidemiologic Research Design. Clinical Trials. Cohort Studies. IntroduçãoO ramo da Medicina que trata da metodologia das pesquisas é conhecido como Epidemiologia Clínica. Esse ramo, considerado uma área básica, constitui-se num importante alicerce no qual a Medicina moderna é praticada. Essa denominação é oriunda de duas disciplinas médicas: Epidemiologia e Medicina Clínica (ou Geral). A contribuição da Epidemiologia é representada pelo fato que vários dos métodos utilizados, para responder as questões das pesquisas, foram desenvolvidos por epidemiologistas, e pelo cuidado individual dos pacientes ser considerado num contexto da população maior, da qual o paciente faz apenas parte. A contribuição da Medicina Clínica reside na procura em responder a questões clínicas, assim como conduzir decisões clínicas baseadas nas melhores evidências disponíveis. 1 Porém, um fator considerado essencial ao progresso da pesquisa médica veio da área da Matemática. A Bioestatística introduziu a análise estatística para a confirmação de achados, assim como para a avaliação de tratamentos médicos, fornecendo-lhes maior solidez, confiabilidade e credibilidade.

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Experimental model for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on ischemic random skin flap in rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of low‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat: An amplitude study

Effect of low‐frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the viability of ischemic skin flaps in the rat: An amplitude study

Experimental model for low level laser therapy on ischemic random skin flap in rats

Desenhos de pesquisa

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