Sobre jovens drogaditos: as histórias de ninguém

Abstract

O presente estudo parte do crescente processo de judicialização do cuidado em saúde mental de jovens usuários de drogas e tem por objetivo problematizar a forma como, na relação entre os campos da Saúde Mental e da Justiça, vai se desenvolvendo uma biopolítica voltada para o governo da população de "adolescentes drogaditos". Para tanto, realizamos a análise de processos judiciais de internação compulsória de jovens por uso de drogas. Fundamentamo-nos nas ferramentas teóricas e metodológicas da Psicologia Social, dentro de uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista, especialmente no que se refere ao pensamento de Michel Foucault, na forma como o autor desenvolveu uma análise dos discursos e da emergência dos saberes na sua articulação com mecanismos e tecnologias de poder. A partir dessa perspectiva, evidenciamos a forma como essa biopolítica, embora aja em nome da garantia de direitos, opera produzindo vulnerabilidades.

Experiências de adolescentes em uso de crack e seus familiares com a atenção psicossocial e institucionalização

“…Therefore, adolescent care is still focused on the punishment of deviant behavior and seeks the "cure" from this type of conduct 50 . This moral treatment invalidates escape from the marginalization process 8 and fails to recognize subjective, sociocultural or contextual factors, disregarding uniqueness and life experiences associated with drugs by adolescents 23 .…”

“…Regarding the latter, national and international studies highlight crack use risk factors in adolescence [3][4][5] and disorders related to the use of these substances 6 , such as psychotic episodes, cognitive deficits, mood swings, change of behavior, respiratory problems and offences and violence 7,8 . Following this evidence, care actions aimed at this group usually occur through control and punishment practices, resorting to abstinence as the only form of treatment 9,10 .…”

“…Within collective health, however, studies [10][11][12] emphasize the debate over adolescent crack users' care from the perspective of the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS). In Social Psychology, publications 8,[12][13][14][15][16] place their subject matters in psychosocial care and institutionalization and problematize this issue.…”

“…On the one hand is the guiding line based on deinstitutionalization, reception, access, comprehensive care, autonomy and respect for human rights, territorial actions, with coordination between community and social and health devices, for the social inclusion of users and their families [19][20][21][22] . On the other, upheld practices of classical and moral-religious psychiatry based on moral and disciplinary treatment, with deprived freedom and incentive to abstinence of the Brazilian therapeutic communities 8,14,18,[23][24][25] . Thus, children and adolescents are not understood based on subjectivity, in the very aspects of their current phase.…”

“…However, these settings, namely, therapeutic communities and shelters represent to adolescents and their families alternatives in the search for care, protection, "detoxification" and an attempt to "get rid of drugs" 8,15,28 . Thus, what is argued is how these services come about in meeting the needs of these subjects.…”