Julgamento moral sobre pena de morte e redução da maioridade penal

Abstract

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar o julgamento moral de estudantes do ensino médio e de licenciaturas sobre pena de morte e redução da maioridade penal. Para tanto, utilizou-se como suporte teórico e empírico a tipologia do desenvolvimento moral de Lawrence Kohlberg. Participaram deste estudo 200 estudantes que responderam, além de uma lista que solicitava informações de alguns dos seus dados biodemográficos, a questões relacionadas à pena de morte e à redução da maioridade penal. De um modo geral, os participantes opinaram favoravelmente pela pena de morte e pela redução da maioridade penal, e, em defesa de suas opiniões, utilizaram, sobretudo, argumentos típicos dos estágios hierarquicamente inferiores da tipologia kohlberguiana, havendo, contudo, algumas diferenças entre as respostas em função do grau de escolaridade. Esses resultados foram discutidos com base na teoria kohlberguiana e em estudos empíricos que tratam dos temas pena de morte e redução da maioridade penal.

Review of Scientifi c Literature on the Age of Criminal Majority in Braz il

“…This seems to be the same opinion of the parliamentarian PEC authors who, in addition to seeking to reduce the age of criminal majority, proposed that adolescents who commit off enses should undergo psychiatric and psychological evaluation to determine whether they have full capacity to understand their behavior (Corte Real & Conceição, 2013;Silva & Hüning, 2015). Galvão and Camino (2011) showed that the students favoring the reduction of the age of criminal majority justifi ed their opinions based on these same types of arguments.…”

“…27, nº 1, p. 113-126 -March/2019 these, seven were published in scientifi c journals of Psychology, two in journals of Social Communication and two in journals of Political Science. The Psychology studies were concentrated in the following categories: developmental psychology and morality (Cunha, Ropelato, & Alves, 2006;Galvão & Camino, 2011), social psychology (Corte Real & Conceição, 2013;Espíndula et al, 2006;Petry & Nascimento, 2016) and institutional analysis (Scisleski, Bruno, Galeano, Santos, & Silva, 2015;Silva & Hüning, 2015). The articles of Social Communication can be characterized as studies of the editorial organization of newspapers (Dias, 2017) and the interaction between communication and politics (Maia et al, 2017).…”

“…The four articles that compose the third group (Cunha et al, 2006;Galvão & Camino, 2011;Lins et al, 2016;Maia et al, 2017) aimed to verify the existence and degree of association between the age of criminal majority (defi ned as the age at which an individual is punished as an adult under the law) and other variables of interest. The study by Lins et al (2016) tested the hypothesis that reducing the age of criminal majority decreases violence, comparing the age of criminal imputability in several countries around the world with their respective homicide rates.…”

“…For this, the authors used data from secondary documentary sources (international studies) gathered in a database organized by the authors themselves. Galvão and Camino (2011) aimed to examine the relationship between opinion (for and against) about the reduction of the age of criminal majority and level of moral development. For this, the authors used questionnaires for surveys of opinion and a standardized scale to evaluate the level of development of the morality.…”

“…Four studies (Corte Real & Conceição, 2013;Galvão & Camino, 2011;Petry & Nascimento, 2016;Scisleski et al, 2015) investigated discussions about awareness and maturity of the adolescents as criteria for establishing age of criminal majority. Petry and Nascimento (2016) showed that the users of the social network analyzed perceived adolescents as being fully aware of their actions and, therefore, should be punished as adults.…”