Adolescência e institucionalização numa perspectiva de vinculação

Abstract

RESUMO: O presente artigo procura problematizar as implicações da institucionalização de jovens em Portugal, dando relevância à qualidade das relações e laços afectivos na reorganização interna da esfera emocional. A vinculação é entendida enquanto processo contínuo, em que as relações com figuras afectivamente significativas permitem reestruturar bases seguras nos jovens. A institucionalização em casas de abrigo ou orfanatos é geradora de sentimentos de perda e abandono, podendo a integração ser ainda mais dificultada pela desconfiança e pelo medo do desconhecido. Sublinha-se o carácter transformador das relações afectivamente estáveis dentro e fora das instituições que poderão promover a adaptação psicossocial e a construção de representações mais favoráveis acerca de si e do mundo ao longo do ciclo vital. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: institucionalização; vinculação; afectos; reorganização interna. ADOLESCENCE AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN ATTACHMENT PERSPECTIVEABSTRACT: The present paper aims to discuss the implications of the adolescent's institutionalization in Portugal, giving relevance to the quality of affective relations and bonds for the internal reorganization of the emotional sphere. Attachment is understood as a continuous process, where the relationships with significant emotional figures allow reorganization of secure bases in adolescents and young adults. The institutionalization in shelter houses or orphanages generates feelings of loss and abandonment in the adolescents, and the process of integration is accompanied by mistrust and the fear of the unknown. An emphasis is put on the reconstructive character of stable affective relations developed with members of the institutions and outer contexts, promoting psychosocial adaptation and the construction of more favourable representations of self and the world along the life cycle.

Social Skills, Social Support and Well-Being in Adolescents of Different Family Configurations

“…Similar results have been found by other studies that observed that family configuration does not affect the well-being of children (Adler-Baeder et al, 2010;Fernandes, 2007). The results of this study suggest that the circumstances that the families are experiencing, whether normative or not, can be addressed throughout the life of individuals in a more or less competent manner (Greeff & Du Toit, 2009;Mota & Matos, 2011). Thus, the family transitions are not events that are associated with less adaptive pathways.…”

“…These stress inducers include changes in the family routine as a result of the change of residence and school and changes in the family configuration (such as the presence of half-siblings). Because all of these changes may result in adaptation challenges (Amato & Anthony, 2014;Mota & Matos, 2011), marital separation and parental remarriage are believed to be chronic or recurring conditions of unpredictability in the family environment that may adversely affect, above all, the well-being of the children (Amato & Anthony, 2014;Bizarro, 2010;Musick & Meier, 2010). Based on a literature review, Anderson and Grenne (2013) and Wagner, Tronco and Armani (2011) argued that the emotional symptoms and challenges of ex-spouses and their children must in fact occur because when families that have and have not experienced marital dissolution are compared the reviewed studies were unable to separate the effect of potential confounding variables that may affect well-being, such as depression, economic difficulties, behavioral problems or learning difficulties.…”

“…This study investigated psychological well-being as conceived by Ryff (1989), which refers to a set of psychological capabilities and resources at the disposal of the individual that are used to address the challenges that occur throughout life. Scholars have noted that little attention has been paid to the positive aspects of the development of family members after marital separation and/or remarriage, which may occur as a result of these family transitions (Greeff & Du Toit, 2009;Mota & Matos, 2011). Thus, this study focuses on the resources and contexts of adolescents that may signal processes of adaptation and/or personal growth when faced with marital separation and parental remarriage (Mota & Matos, 2011).…”

“…Scholars have noted that little attention has been paid to the positive aspects of the development of family members after marital separation and/or remarriage, which may occur as a result of these family transitions (Greeff & Du Toit, 2009;Mota & Matos, 2011). Thus, this study focuses on the resources and contexts of adolescents that may signal processes of adaptation and/or personal growth when faced with marital separation and parental remarriage (Mota & Matos, 2011). Additionally, few studies have examined from the child's perspective the variables that are related to positive development and that can contribute to the prevention of emotional and behavioral challenges, such as the ability to establish positive relationships and the availability of coping skills when faced with stressful events (Oliveira, Siqueira, Dell'Aglio & Lopes, 2008).…”

Apadrinhamento Afetivo: Construindo Laços de Afeto e Proteção

“…Vários autores sugerem que os monitores são importantes referências de adultos cuidadores, pois orientam e protegem diariamente aqueles que estão acolhidos passando a integrar a rede de apoio social e afetivo (Barros e Fiamenghi Jr, 2007; Matos e Mota, 2008;Siqueira, Betts e Dell'Aglio, 2006;Siqueira e Dell'Áglio, 2006). A relação com os adultos dentro da própria instituição pode gerar o sentimento de "estar em casa", proporcionando uma idéia de pertença e constituindo modelos identificatórios (Mota e Mattos, 2008).…”