Pericarp structure in Banisteriopsis C.B.Rob. and Diplopterys A.Juss. (Malpighiaceae): new data supporting generic segregation

Abstract

Palavras-chave: Banisteriopsis campestris, Banisteriopsis oxyclada, Banisteriopsis stellaris, Diplopterys pubipetala, Ontogênese ABSTRACT(Pericarp structure in Banisteriopsis C.B.Rob. and Diplopterys A.Juss. (Malpighiaceae): new data supporting generic segregation). Molecular studies have indicated that some species of Banisteriopsis would be more appropriately placed in Diplopterys. Both of these genera are neotropical members of the Malpighiaceae, a family that is widely diverse in South America, especially in the Brazilian savanna (cerrado). Studies concerning the anatomy of the reproductive organs of Malpighiaceae from the cerrado are very rare. Thus, the present work describes the morphology, anatomy, and ontogeny of the pericarp of B. campestris, B. oxyclada, B. stellaris, and D. pubipetala, comparing them and identifying characteristics that could support the segregation of genera. The fruits of Banisteriopsis studied here demonstrate structures very similar among themselves, while D. pubipetala shows numerous differences. The fruits of all species are schizocarpic and formed by three samara with dorsal wings, while the fruits of D. pubipetala also have lateral winglets on the seed chamber. The mesocarp of the Banisteriopsis species has groups of thick and elongated cells, while these cells form a continuous band in D. pubipetala; the endocarp of D. pubipetala proliferates markedly, forming an aerenchyma layer not seen in Banisteriopsis. Besides the homogeneous structure of the pericarp of the Banisteriopsis species, all referred distinctive characteristics support the maintenance of D. pubipetala in a different genus.

Fitotoxicidade de extratos etanólicos de frutos e folhas de Banisteriopsis oxyclada (A. Juss.) B. Gates sobre o crescimento de plantas daninhas

“…Letras iguais não diferem entre si pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 0,05% de probabilidade. Controle 45-95 95-145 145-195 195-245 245-295 295-345 345-395 395-445 Classes de tamanho (OLIVEIRA et al, 2012;LINHARES NETO et al, 2014;HABERMANN et al, 2015). Da mesma forma, no presente trabalho, folhas e frutos de B. oxyclada apresentaram efeitos itotóxicos sobre ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas investigadas.…”

“…Fitotoxicidade de Banisteriopsis oxyclada sobre plantas daninhas O gênero Banisteriopsis, pertencente à família Malpighiaceae, apresenta distribuição pantropical, com grande diversidade de espécies encontradas no continente sul-americano (JUDD et al, 1999;SOUTO;OLIVEIRA, 2012), entretanto, a maior diversidade de espécies encontra-se nos cerrados do planalto central brasileiro (GATES, 1982). O gênero Banisteriopsis tem sido relatado na literatura, principalmente, pelo seu potencial medicinal, com atividades antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória e moduladora do sistema nervoso central (FRIAS et al, 2012;PÁDUA et al, 2013).…”

Cell differentiation and tissue formation in the unique fruits of devil's claws (Martyniaceae)

“…Sclerenchyma cells that elongate in various directions result in crossing layers (parquetry pattern), which may also be important for dehiscence (Roth, 1977). Such structures occur in many fruit endocarps within various plant families (e.g., Roth, 1977; Essig and Young, 1979; Romanov et al, 2011; Bobrov et al, 2012a, b; Souto and Oliveira, 2012; Pelegrin et al, 2013; Romanov and Dilcher, 2013). We found only the following examples of structures comparable with those of the fruit body in trample burrs of Martyniaceae in the literature: (1) the endocarp in burrs of Xanthium L. (Asteraceae); (2) the woody pyrene in palm fruits of the tribe Borasseae, in Eugeissona , and Nypa (Arecaceae) composed of a dense network of interlaced and tangentially elongated fiber‐like sclereids or fibers, in which longitudinally running vascular bundles with thick sheaths are embedded (Roth, 1977; Romanov et al, 2011; Bobrov et al, 2012a, b); (3) longitudinally elongated cells grouped into bundles for the endocarp of trample burrs of Uncarina capsules (Ihlenfeldt and Straka, 1961).…”

Increased clonal growth in heavily harvested ecosystems failed to rescue ayahuasca lianas from decline in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest

“…wide (Figure 1); The inflorescences are axillary, each with many small 5 petal flowers that are pink or rose‐coloured; the fruit is a samaroid schizocarp composed of 2–3 samaras connected at the torus (Figure 1b); each samara has dorsal wings about 1.38 in. long (Gates, 1982; Schultes et al, 2001; Souto & Oliveira, 2012). Flowering generally occurs between December and August with samara production between March and August.…”