A malária no Brasil

Tauil, Pedro Luíz; Deane, L. M.; Sabroza, Paulo Chagastelles; Ribeiro, Claudio Daniel

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1985000100009

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Again, the result was the exposure of a very large number of non-immune individuals to the disease (Barata 1995). Thus, at the end of the 1980s and the middle to end of the 1990s, malaria became the leading health problem associated with communicable diseases in the country (Tauil et al 1985, Tauil & Daniel-Ribeiro 1998, Oliveira-Ferreira et al 2010). At that time, over 50% of the total cases registered in Brazil were due to Plasmodium falciparum (Fig.…”

Section: A Short History Of Malaria In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

127

172

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Brazil, a country of continental proportions, presents three profiles of malaria transmission. The first and most important numerically, occurs inside the Amazon. The Amazon accounts for approximately 60% of the nation’s territory and approximately 13% of the Brazilian population. This region hosts 99.5% of the nation’s malaria cases, which are predominantly caused by Plasmodium vivax (i.e., 82% of cases in 2013). The second involves imported malaria, which corresponds to malaria cases acquired outside the region where the individuals live or the diagnosis was made. These cases are imported from endemic regions of Brazil (i.e., the Amazon) or from other countries in South and Central America, Africa and Asia. Imported malaria comprised 89% of the cases found outside the area of active transmission in Brazil in 2013. These cases highlight an important question with respect to both therapeutic and epidemiological issues because patients, especially those with falciparum malaria, arriving in a region where the health professionals may not have experience with the clinical manifestations of malaria and its diagnosis could suffer dramatic consequences associated with a potential delay in treatment. Additionally, because the Anopheles vectors exist in most of the country, even a single case of malaria, if not diagnosed and treated immediately, may result in introduced cases, causing outbreaks and even introducing or reintroducing the disease to a non-endemic, receptive region. Cases introduced outside the Amazon usually occur in areas in which malaria was formerly endemic and are transmitted by competent vectors belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus (i.e., Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles aquasalis and species of the Albitarsis complex). The third type of transmission accounts for only 0.05% of all cases and is caused by autochthonous malaria in the Atlantic Forest, located primarily along the southeastern Atlantic Coast. They are caused by parasites that seem to be (or to be very close to) P. vivax and, in a less extent, by Plasmodium malariae and it is transmitted by the bromeliad mosquito Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii. This paper deals mainly with the two profiles of malaria found outside the Amazon: the imported and ensuing introduced cases and the autochthonous cases. We also provide an update regarding the situation in Brazil and the Brazilian endemic Amazon.

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Section: A Short History Of Malaria In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

127

172

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“…That year, the index of this species represented 46.3% and went down to 20.9% in 2002 22 . During the period of the study, the P. vivax decreased 22.35%, while the P. falciparum ranged upward 24,32 in every year except in 2008, totalizing an increase of 60.57%, possibly attributed to the existence of strains resistant to commonly used drugs 36 . The 13.76% decrease seen in 2008 is possibly related to the adoption of the new treatment plan of anti-malarial drugs adopted by the Ministry of Health 24 , for this species control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epidemiological profile of malaria in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, from 2003 to 2008

Parise¹,

Araújo

Castro

et al. 2011

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThis study describes the epidemiological profile of malaria in the State of Tocantins, in the period [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008], investigates the association between the frequency of malaria and population growth, classifies the cases by 'autochthonous' and 'imported', reports the indices of the disease and analyses the distribution of the cases by Plasmodium species, age and gender. The retrospective study was based on secondary data, stored in SIVEP-malaria and analyzed using the software Epi-Info 3.5.1. and Bioestat 5.0. 19,004 samples were investigated for malaria, 19% of them were positive, 73.32% with Plasmodium vivax, 21.80% with Plasmodium falciparum, 4.79% with mixed infections and only 0.08% with Plasmodium malariae. Male individuals accounted for 76.95% and predominated in all years and age groups, especially in the 15 to 49 years old group. From the overall cases, 34.27% were autochthonous and 65.73% were imported (χ 2 = 356.8, p = 0.0001). The frequency of malaria decreased significantly during the entire series (rp = 0.96, p = 0.002) and the number of municipalities with autochthonous transmission also diminished. It was found that malaria is predominantly imported, related to land activities, which confirms the need for effective measures to maintain vigilance throughout the state and enhance educational activities in order to guide the population towards early treatment-seeking.

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“…A elevada incidência nesta localidade era resultante do processo de colonização, combinado à disseminação da atividade garimpeira e condições ambientais favoráveis ao crescimento de vetores 21 . Nestes locais houve intensa exposição devido ao desmatamento, construção de estradas sem drenagem e, especialmente, de habitações precárias 22 . Esta região mostrou-se importante, tanto na produção de casos e óbitos, como na dispersão da doença para o interior do estado e também para outras regiões do Brasil 7 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Comportamento epidemiológico da malária no Estado de Mato Grosso, 1980-2003

Atanaka-Santos

Czeresnia

Souza-Santos

et al. 2006

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Descreveu-se a evolução temporal e espacial de malária em Mato Grosso, discriminadas em períodos de 1980-1985; 1986-1991; 1992-1997 e 1998-2003, distribuídas por microrregião homogênea. O índice parasitário anual do estado cresceu até 1992, reduzindo para 1,9 casos/mil habitantes em 2003; o coeficiente de mortalidade e a taxa de letalidade foram maiores nos anos de 1980 a 1989. Das 22 microrregiões, 13 apresentaram IPA inferior a 10 casos/1.000 habitantes em todos os períodos, ocorrendo concentração de casos nas microrregiões de Colíder, Alta Floresta, Aripuanã e Alto Guaporé. Em 2003, apenas a microrregião de Aripuanã persistia com IPA superior a 50 casos/1.000 habitantes. As microrregiões de Colíder, em 1983, 1985 a 1988 e 1990 e Alta Floresta, em 1991, apresentaram óbitos acima de 50/100.000 habitantes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. A distribuição da doença por microrregiões evidenciou que a malária é predominantemente focal.

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A malária no Brasil

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Epidemiological profile of malaria in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, from 2003 to 2008

Comportamento epidemiológico da malária no Estado de Mato Grosso, 1980-2003

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