Características morfológicas do pelame de vacas holandesas puras por cruza na região semiárida de Minas Gerais

Silva, B.C. Mata e; Almeida, Anna Christina de; Marques, Larissa Coelho; Porto, Bernardo Rodrigues; Durães, C.R.S.; Júnior, I.S. Carvalho; Colen, Fernando

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352013000600026

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The recorded values were similar to those reported in Holstein cows in winter (2.88 mm; Mata and Silva et al, 2013) and higher than those recorded in crossbred dairy cows in a semiarid region (1.93 mm; Façanha et al, 2010). These authors reported higher hair coat thickness values in animals harboring high proportions of Holstein genes than in animals derived from crossbreeding with Guzera cows, which are more adapted to tropical environments and, thus, exhibit a thinner coat with short, wellsettled hairs, which contributes to a greater loss of heat energy.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Physiological parameters, hair coat morphological characteristics and temperature gradients in holstein-gyr crossbred cows

Cruz¹,

Monteiro²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2016

Biosci. J.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to assess physiological parameters, hair coat morphological characteristics and temperature gradients in crossbred Holstein-Gyr cows in the municipality of Tapira, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Forty-nine lactating cows from six Holstein (H) and Gyr (G) genetic groups (1/4H 3/4G, 3/8H 5/8G, 1/2H 1/2G, 5/8H 3/8G, 3/4H 1/4G and 7/8H 1/8G) were distributed in a completely randomized design. The dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity were recorded, and the temperature and humidity index (THI) was calculated. The rectal temperature, respiratory rate and body surface temperature were measured, as were hair thickness, numbers, length and angle. Cows with a greater than 50% Holstein breed ratio (5/8H 3/8G, 3/4H 1/4G and 7/8H 1/8G) showed a higher respiratory rate and greater hair length than animals with genetic composition equal to or greater than 50% Zebu (1/2H 1/2G, 3/8H 5/8G and 1/4H 3/4G). Animals from the 1/2 and 1/4 HG genetic groups showed the greatest hair angle (P<0.05). With respect to climatic characteristics, the examined locality was within the thermoneutral zone and therefore did not impose conditions of thermal stress. The animals exhibited thermoregulation and hair coat characteristics that were within physiological parameters.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Physiological parameters, hair coat morphological characteristics and temperature gradients in holstein-gyr crossbred cows

Cruz¹,

Monteiro²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2016

Biosci. J.

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“…Animals that present a thinner coat possess accelerated excess body heat dissipation via radiation. As this radiation passes through the coat, it is detained by the melanin granule layer of the epidermis, evidencing a favorable selection of light coat and dark skin characteristics in addition to physical structure and quantity of hairs by area unit of the coat [28,29].…”

Section: Morphological Characteristics Of Skin Coat and Body Measures Of Cows In Shaded Iclf And Full Sun Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shade Modifies Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Low to Medium Production Dairy Cows at Pasture in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

Reis

Ferreira

Mazocco

et al. 2021

Animals

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Under conditions of high temperature, humidity, and incidence of solar radiation, dairy cows use behavioral changes as a strategy to decrease the metabolic heat production at pasture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of Gyr and Girolando (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Gyr, and ½ Holstein ½ Gyr) dairy cows submitted to environments with and without shade. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados (Technology Center for Dairy Zebu breeds—CTZL), Brasilia, Distrito Federal—Brazil, with 48 Gyr and Girolando cows total in the lactation group, with low to medium milk production, in full sun or shade with Eucalyptus urograndis (267 plants/ha−1). The physiological and behavioral characteristics evaluated were panting score, superficial temperature, and time spent grazing, ruminating, and lying down. Other traits included skin and coat thickness, hair diameter, density and length, and predominant coat color. In addition, body measurements, such as body length, the height of withers, chest circumference, and shin circumference, were measured. Shaded cows had 34% longer rumination times than cows in full sun (p = 0.01). With a temperature-humidity index ranging from 79 to 83, the rumination time was 1.7 times higher in cows under shade (p = 0.01) during a 24-h period of observation. There were no significant differences in the grazing time between the environments, but lying time was 23% longer in cows under the sun (p = 0.01). The panting score was not influenced by the environment (p = 0.17). Girolando cows had a 35% higher panting score than Gyr cows (p = 0.01) regardless of the environment. The panting score increased two and a half times during the afternoon compared with the morning (p = 0.01). The surface and rectal core temperatures had significant differences between treatments and time of the day. Body measurements were not different between cows in both environments, but there was a difference between breeds. The use of trees in pastures with a silvopastoral system for dairy zebu cows is indicated to improve grazing behavior, as well as time spent ruminating and lying down.

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“…Cattle, being a homeothermic animal, have the ability to control body temperature when exposed to large temperature variations, and the thermoregulation mechanism is responsible for this balance (14). Thus, when the animal is exposed to critical temperatures, sweating, increased water intake, respiratory rate and vasodilation can occur, and when the ambient temperature is higher than the thermoneutrality zone (Figure 1) thermal stress can occur, harming wellbeing, health and reproduction (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal welfare and effects of per-female stress on male and cattle reproduction—A review

Silva

Camargo-Júnior

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Thermal stress causes severe effects on the wellbeing and reproduction of cattle, including changes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis, generating great concerns, which last for decades. In cattle, the occurrence of thermal stress is associated with a reduction in the production of spermatozoids and ovarian follicles, in addition to the increase of major and minor defects in gametes or in their intermediate stages. In bovine females able to reproduce, a reduction in the rate of estrus manifestation and an increase in embryonic mortality has been observed. Therefore, keeping animals on good welfare conditions, with water supply and in shaded areas can favor the improvement of different reproductive parameters. For all this, the present study aimed to gather, synthesize and argue recent studies related to animal welfare, focusing on the effects of thermal stress on the reproduction of cattle, aiming to support possible strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of thermal stress in this species.

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Características morfológicas do pelame de vacas holandesas puras por cruza na região semiárida de Minas Gerais

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Physiological parameters, hair coat morphological characteristics and temperature gradients in holstein-gyr crossbred cows

Physiological parameters, hair coat morphological characteristics and temperature gradients in holstein-gyr crossbred cows

Shade Modifies Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Low to Medium Production Dairy Cows at Pasture in an Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest System

Animal welfare and effects of per-female stress on male and cattle reproduction—A review

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