Teresina: a capital sonhada do Brasil oitocentista

Abstract

Resumo: O surgimento da cidade Teresina foi fruto de interesses políticos e econômicos ao reivindicarem a modernidade e o desenvolvimento para o Estado do Piauí. Essa cidade nos fornece traços de um projeto moderno em sua morfologia, capazes de expressarem os anseios explicitados nos discursos do "progresso". O transporte é um dos pilares do seu nascedouro e contribui para a formação do padrão específico da vida citadina. Essa tendência fez sua inscrição no processo de "expansão", de "modernização", de "modernidade", de "progresso", enfim em sua dimensão histórica.Palavras-chave: História. Cidade. Modernidade. Piauí. Rio Parnaíba. Abstract:The rise of the city of Teresina was the result of political and economic interests demanding modernity and development for the State of Piaui. The city comprises many features of a truly modern project in its configuration, expressing explicit aspirations for a discourse on "progress". Transportation is one of the pillars of its conception, and it contributed to the formation of a specific standard of urban life. These developments made their mark on the processes of "expansion", "modernization" and "progress", in other words: its historical dimension.Keywords: History. City. Modernity. Piauí. Parnaiba River.Nos primeiros anos de 1850 nascia, em pleno vale do rio Parnaíba, a cidade de Teresina.Destinada a se tornar sede do poder político e administrativo do Piauí, ia suplantar a cidade de Oeiras, que até então exercia esse papel. No Piauí, desde a colônia, havia uma corrente insatisfação * Pós-Doutoranda PNPD/CAPES/UFG. Doutora em História Social pela Universidade de Brasília(2008). Docente

Changes in the socioeconomic profile of Piauí: From the Spix and Martius expedition to nowadays

“…Within the context of the socioeconomic scenario, one of the main changes that took place in the semi-arid region visited by Spix and Martius was the change of the Capital (19th century). During the colonial period, specifically in 1761, Oeiras was designated the category of capital of Piauí, meeting the administrative needs of the province (Gandara, 2011). The city was linked to the commercial flow between the states of Maranhão and Bahia, linking the cycle of colonial livestock in the Northeast, which was historically the main economic activity demanded by federal policies of preservation and cultural relevance (Pereira, 2017) However, since the colony, there was an unsatisfactory current in relation to the location of the capital, mainly related to the difficulties of transport and communication.…”

“…The city was linked to the commercial flow between the states of Maranhão and Bahia, linking the cycle of colonial livestock in the Northeast, which was historically the main economic activity demanded by federal policies of preservation and cultural relevance (Pereira, 2017) However, since the colony, there was an unsatisfactory current in relation to the location of the capital, mainly related to the difficulties of transport and communication. The regional historiographical interpretations, official documents, reports by the presidents of the Province were unanimous in pointing out justifications for transferring Oeiras to a location close to a navigation axis of the Parnaíba River, which would improve the captaincy's finances (Gandara, 2011). Therefore, in 1798, the governor of the Captaincy of São José do Piauí, João de Amorim Pereira, communicated by letter to the Overseas Council, about the move from the capital of Oeiras to the village of São João da Parnaíba (Parnaíba).…”

“…There were also understandings that Oeiras was unable to play an active role as a state development hub. In addition, its physical "isolation" raised doubts even regarding its administrative effectiveness (Gandara, 2011), however, it is worth mentioning that in the colonial period the organization of urban centers in Piauí took place in a planned way: "Never in colonial history has there been a premeditated effort to create villages as in the case of the assembly of the Captaincy, starting in 1759. In the space of two years, six villages were created in place of existing parishes, in addition to the elevation of the village of Mocha to the category of city and capital, with the name of Oeiras (Vilhena, 2016, p. 111)".…”

“…315, authorizing the transfer of the capital to Nova Vila do Poti, immediately elevated to the category of city, with the name of Teresina, with capital forums. Considering the importance of transferring the capital mainly Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 6, e14510615492, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15492 for the exploration of the Parnaíba River, President Saraiva soon went to transport the collection of the old village and installed the City Hall and other offices in the new headquarters (Gandara, 2011). Subsequently, by letter dated October 21, 1852, it has completed the transfer of the capital of Piauí: "I am here by to communicate Your Excellency that this Province is at peace, and that it is completely transferred to this city of Teresina, the capital of the Province and that all public offices are functioning regularly."…”

Estratégias adaptativas dos estudantes do interior do estado ao modo de vida Teresinense

“…Em 1850 com o objetivo de substituir Oeiras nascia primeira capital planejada do país, situada entre os rios Parnaíba e Poti (SEMPLAN, 2018). É relatado por Gandara (2011) que levantando algumas questões que propiciaram a mudança da capital como por exemplo dificuldade de comunicação e de transporte, além de reforçar os pontos de isolamento, dispersão e pobreza da capital, até então Oeiras.…”