Characterization of the types of the Neotropical Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with a key to species

Abstract

The identity of many Neotropical species of Pseudisobrachium Kieffer, 1904 is currently unreachable, mostly because the available descriptions and illustrations are not sufficiently accurate to allow precise identifications. To help solve the problem, 115 valid species and their junior synonyms were examined. Twelve nomenclatural acts are made, and 110 valid species are recognized for the Neotropical region. Two lectotypes are designated: Pristocera crassicornis Westwood and Pristocera haemorrhoidalis Westwood. Seven new species-group synonyms are proposed: Pseudisobrachium retusum Evans syn. nov. for P. pauxillum Evans; P. cunco Perez syn. nov. for P. erythrocephalum Evans; P. navajo Evans, P. rectangulatum Evans, P. emarginatum Evans and P. foutsi Evans syn. nov. for P. flavinervis Fouts; P. acuminatum Waichert & Azevedo syn. nov. for P. latum Waichert & Azevedo. The following new genus-group synonym is established: Parisobrachium Kieffer syn. nov. for Dissomphalus Ashmead. The following new combination and reinstated name are proposed: Dissomphalus albipes (Kieffer) comb. nov. and nom. rev. from Pseudisobrachium paraguayense Kieffer.

A new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber and its phylogenetic position

“…The eyes are unusually large as in the Epyrinae genera Formosiepyris Terayama and Disepyris Kieffer [see figs 6 and 12 in TERAYAMA (2004) respectively]. The pronotal disc of Lancepyris opertus is elongate and trapezoidal; this resembles the male of the pristocerine genus Pseudisobrachium as in figures 63 and 80 in AZEVEDO (2008a). The median portion of the posterior margin of the pronotal disc is evenly, slightly concave, and the typical convexity found in Bethylinae is therefore absent.…”

Taxonomia de Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) da Mata Atlântica Brasileira

“…Os termos das estruturas corporais adotados seguem, em sua maioria, Evans (1961Evans ( , 1964 e Azevedo (1999Azevedo ( , 2008. Termos referentes à textura e esculturação do integumento seguem Harris (1979).…”

“…Há 110 espécies válidas citadas para a região Neotropical (Azevedo 2008), das quais apenas 19 são reportadas para a Mata Atlântica Brasileira. Evans (1961) apresentou uma revisão do gênero para a América do Norte e a América Central, ressaltando que havia muitas espécies neotropicais a serem descritas para a América do Sul.…”

“…Recentemente, Azevedo (2008) analisou a maioria dos holótipos e alótipos das espécies neotropicais e propôs a primeira chave de identificação para a região. Entretanto, ainda não há um trabalho de revisão das espécies neotropicais.…”

A checklist to the wasps of Peru (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)

“…Keys to some of the Peruvian species of Bethylidae are found in Evans (1964), with additional references as listed for each genera. Terayama (2003) presented a key to most known genera of the world, while Azevedo in Hanson and Gauld (2006) [Evans 1964, 1966c, Azevedo et al 2005 311 [Evans 1964[Evans , 1968a 334. macrogaster (Ashmead, 1887) [Evans 1967a] 354. pucallpa Evans, 1967: Endemic*, UC (Pucallpa) Pristocera Klug, 1808, (=Apenesia Westwood, 1874 [Evans 1963[Evans , 1966b 355. bugabensis (Cameron, 1888) [Evans 1964, 1966b, Azevedo 2008 362. angulatum Evans, 1964 …”