16.9 km 2 is the main island (Lopes and Ulbrich, 2015), and the remaining area is distributed among 20 smaller islands, of which Rata Island is the largest with 0.8 km 2. The archipelago has suffered major ecological disturbances due to several human interventions. In 1737, fortifications were built, and the archipelago was transformed into a penal colony for almost 200 years. During this period, a large part of the native vegetation was devastated while exotic plants and animals were introduced to serve as food (Teixeira et al., 2003; Serafini et al., 2010). The human population in the archipelago increased significantly in 1942 through military occupation (i.e., World War II). Afterwards, significant changes were observed in the archipelago due to: • Several insecticide applications campaigns (i.e., DDT) for mosquito-control; • Wild animal introductions, such as the Teju lizard (Salvator merianae Duméril & Bibron) and the Mocó cavy (Kerodon rupestris Wied-Neuwied); • Release of birds seized in trade fairs and public markets of Recife (i.e., Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus)), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus (Linnaeus)), and the White-bellied seedeater (Sporophila leucoptera (Vieillot));

Citation: Rasmussen C, Asenjo A (2009) A checklist to the wasps of Peru (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). ZooKeys 15: 1-78. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.15.196 Abstract Th e fi rst checklist to the 225 genera and 1169 reported species-group taxa of aculeate wasps of Peru is presented. Th e list is based on a literature survey and examination of Peruvian entomological collections and include locality references for each taxon. Bibliographic references for the identifi cation of families, genera, and species are provided when available. Th e occurrence data are published in addition as downloadable fi les (doi: 10.3897/zookeys. 15.196.app.2.ds, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.15.196.app.3.ds, and doi: 10.3897/zookeys.15.196.app.4.ds) and were uploaded onto GBIF infrastructure simultaneously with the publication process. Th e following new combinations are proposed:

The Ecuadorian territory is divided into four natural regions: the coastal lowlands, the Andean highlands, the Amazon basin, and the Galapagos Islands. Each of these regions has its own ecosystems and specific vegetation. The purpose of this work is to compile an updated catalog of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador that includes distributional data and several nomenclatural acts. We compiled data from 25 scientific collections, with the examination of 13,550 scarabaeines; additionally, 390 bibliographic references were reviewed for their taxonomic histories. The Scarabaeinae fauna from Ecuador is represented by 33 genera and 223 species, with 45 range-restricted species; 27 species were erroneously recorded from the country. The following nomenclatural acts are made: (A) two new status as valid species: Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) ohausi Balthasar, 1939,stat. n., and Deltochilum (Calhyboma) arrowi Paulian, 1939stat. n.; (B) one new synonym:UroxysmagnusBalthasar, 1940 =UroxyslatesulcatusBates, 1891,syn. n.; (C) two revalidated names: Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857) and Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) fortepunctatus (Luederwaldt, 1923); and (D) ten lectotypes designated for:ChoeridiumorbiculatumLucas, 1857;ChoeridiumcupreumBlanchard, 1846;CanthidiumcoerulescensBalthasar, 1939;CanthonangustatusHarold, 1867;CanthonangustatusohausiBalthasar, 1939;DeltochilumtessellatumBates, 1870;PinotusfortepunctatusLuederwaldt, 1923;PinotusglobulusFelsche, 1901;UroxyslatesulcatusBates, 1891; andUroxysmagnusBalthasar, 1940. The type specimens related to the new nomenclatural acts are illustrated and the maps of the geographical distribution of all species are provided.

The taxonomic diversity of species and genera of Staphylinidae and their distribution in Latin America are discussed and listed/tabulated based on published literature. In total, 11,675 species in 1075 genera are reported from Latin America. South America has the most recorded species for Latin America, 7773 including 7079 endemic species. The four subfamilies with the highest total number of genera including endemic genera are Aleocharinae, Staphylininae, Pselaphinae, and Paederinae. All recorded genera and their synonyms are listed alphabetically within the subfamilies of Staphylinidae, providing a catalog of published genera for Latin America. Two hundred forty-four color or black and white images of species representing different genera are provided.

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