Preferência por estratos florestais e por substâncias odoríferas em abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. STRATlFlCATlON AND SCENTS BAITS PREFERENCES lN EUGLOSSINAE BEES (HVMENOPTERA, APlDAE). Euglossinae bees of two areas of Terra Firme forest, near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil were studied. During one year the collections were done fortnight\y, using traps with eight kinds of scent baits. The traps were placed in the understory and in tree crowns. Some species showed a very clear vertical stratification in the fores!. The comparison between the strata studied showed that the fauna of one understory is more similar to other than fauna of crowns and the similarity between fauna of understory and fauna of crown of the the two areaswas low. Some species were specialists while most were generalists in their choice ofscent baits. Some species varied its preferences during the year. KEY WORDS . Amazonia, Euglossinae, scent baits preferences, stratificationAs primeiras observações sobre a relação de abelhas Euglossinae com orquídeas foram feitas por DARWIN (1862, apudBRAGA 1976); por CRUGER (1865) e por DUCKE (1901( , 1902( , apud MOURE 1969. Somente algum tempo depois esses estudos foram retomados por ALLEN (1950, 1954) e por PORSCH (1955 , apud MOURE 1969. Estes pesquisadores pensavam que os machos visitavam as orquí-deas para se alimentarem, dilacerando-lhes as pétalas. Entretanto, foram DODSON & FRYMIRE (1961) que notaram que os machos não dilaceravam as pétalas, mas raspavam-nas com as pernas dianteiras e retiravam substâncias que eram depositadas nas tíbias das pernas posteriores, no órgão tibial (DODSON et a/. 1969).A análise dos componentes dessas substâncias têm revelado que se tratam de odores comuns mas que possuem alguma atividade biológica ainda não suficientemente esclarecida (DODSON et a/. 1969). Esses odores podem conter muitos compostos tais como terpenóides, compostos aromáticos, compostos aminóides,

Efeitos da fragmentação florestal sobre vespas e abelhas solitárias na Amazônia Central. II. estratificação vertical

“…(1985) em uma floresta os polinizadores, incluindo as abelhas, movimentam-se muito de um estrato para outro, mas segundo ROUBIK (1989ROUBIK ( , 1993, parece não haver uma correlação forte entre altura de forrageamento e altura de nidificação. OLIVEIRA & CAMPOS (1996) amostraram a fauna de abelhas Euglossina de duas florestas nas áreas do PDBFF, ao nível do sub-bosque e a 10-12 m de altura. A abundância total de abelhas e a diversidade (H') foram significativamente maiores na altura mais elevada.…”

“…J 992;ROUBIK el aI. 1995;OLIVEIRA & CAMPOS 1996;BECCALONI 1997;MALCOM 1997;GUMBERT & KUNZE 1999). De acordo com o táxon, o padrão de estratificação pode ou não variar, significativamente, de acordo com a estação do ano (REES 1983;PFEIFFER 1996).…”

The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of a forest remnant in the southern portion of the Brazilian Amazon

“…Although some uncommon species, such as Aglae caerulea Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, were attracted to trans-methyl cinnamate and although this species seems to present a strong preference for this scent (Morato, 2001;Nemésio et al, 2014), it is also attracted to eugenol (this study) and skatole (Nemésio et al, 2014). Important scents in the Amazon basin, such as benzyl acetate and skatole (Oliveira and Campos, 1996;Morato, 2004, 2006;Storck-Tonon et al, 2009;Nemésio et al, 2014), were not used in the present study, since these scents were not available to us prior to the field work. Nevertheless, most species attracted to these scents are also attracted to cineole, methyl-salicylate and vanillin (see Table 1 and Storck-Tonon et al (2009): 697).…”

“…In the western Amazon of Brazil, orchid-bee samplings usually record from 16 to 38 species (Powell and Powell, 1987;Becker et al, 1991;Morato, 1994;Oliveira and Campos, 1996;Morato, 2004, 2006;StorckTonon et al, 2009StorckTonon et al, , 2011. The diversity observed in the present study, however, is close to the highest ever recorded in the Brazilian Amazon, which ranged from H' = 1.36 (Becker et al, 1991) to H' = 2.52 and H' = 2.54 (Nemésio and Morato, 2006;Storck-Tonon et al, 2009, respectively -see Storck-Tonon et al (2009: 700-701 for a summary of orchid-bee diversity along the Neotropical region).…”

“…Pearson and Dressler, 1985;Dressler, 1985;Powell and Powell, 1987;Becker et al, 1991;Morato, 1994;Oliveira and Campos, 1996;Bembé, 2002;Morato, 2004, 2006;Rasmussen, 2009;Storck-Tonon et al, 2009Abrahamczyk et al, 2011;Nemésio et al, 2014), the orchid-bee fauna of the state of Rondônia, southwestern Amazonia, is virtually unknown. The region of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, is of particular interest due to its singular location, at the southern limits of the Amazon and in the transition between lowland rainforest and the "Cerradão", a more xeric, savanna-like vegetation with tall trees.…”