ABSTRACT. Effeets offorest fragmcntation on solitary wasps and bccs in an arca in Central Amazonia. The effects offorest fragmentation on tree-hole nesting so litary wasps and bees were investigated at li site 90 klll north ofManaus, Brazil. Wasp and bee faunas were monitored in continuous terra firme forest, forest fragments of I, 10 and 100 ha, natural gaps in continuous forest and deforested areas. These habitats were studied in tetms ofabundance, richness, diversity and similarity. The wasps and bees were monitored monthly during June 1988 through June 1990 by means of a trap-nests technique. A total of 1529 nests of wasps of 24 species and 405 nests of bees of 14 species were collected. The number ofspecies ofwasps and bees varied little among the habitats. The genus T/ypoxy/ol1 Latreille, 1796 (Sphecidae) accounted for 79% of wasp nests and Ce nlris Fabricius, 1804 (Allthophoridae) for 56% ofbee nests . Wasps showed an overall preference for cleared areas and li'agments of lha, whereas bees showed an overall preference for continuous forest and natural gaps. NeVet1heless, some spec ies ofwasps showed a prelerence tor nesting in continuo us forest and some bees a preference for deforested areas. Species found in deforested areas also nested in small size forest tragments . Thi s shows that species occ urring predominantly in c1eared areas can also colonize small forest ti·agments. The diversity ofwasps and bees was greater in continuous fores!. The composition of wasp and bee faunas 01' continuous forest was different from that ofaltered habitats . The similarity between the natural gaps and c1eared areas was the smallest. The data suggest that the forest adapted bees are more sensitive to habitat fragmentation than the corresponding species of wasps. 11 is concluded that the preexisting cavity nesting solitaty wasp and bee comlllunities were altered by the forest fragmenta tion. Howevcr. it appears that at least in part, the natural variati on in continuous forest cou ld be responsible for the results obtained Irom this study. KEY WORDS . Amazon ia, forest tragmentation, solitary bees, soli tary wasps, trapnests o desmatamento de florestas provoca, usualmente, a fragmentação da mata antes contínua, gerando o aparecimento de verdadeiras ilhas de matas isoladas umas das outras por áreas cobertas por pastagens ou por algum outro tipo de cultura. Além da perda de espécies provocada pela destruição da mata, podem ocorrer modificações nos fragmentos com o passar do tempo, em relação à diversidade e composição de sua fauna e t1ora, rompimento de antigas, e estabelecimento de novas interações entre as espécies, modificações nos processos biológicos e nas características do microc1ima e solo (LOVEJOY 1980).

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Neotropical Entomology 35(3): 285-298 (2006) Revisão sobre a Influência de Fatores Proximais na Nidificação de Vespas e Abelhas Solitárias (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) em Cavidades Pré-Existentes no Lenho PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vespa solitária, abelha solitária, guilda, cavidade em árvores, ninho-armadilha ABSTRACT -Guilds of Aculeate solitary wasps and bees that nest in preexisting cavities in wood are important components of terrestrial ecosystems because they engage in several ecological interactions (e.g. predation and pollination) with other species of plants and animals. Spatial and temporal variations in richness and abundance of solitary wasps and bees can be related to changes in environmental structure and in the diversity of other groups of organisms. The nesting period of these Aculeata is their most critical life cycle stage. Females of solitary wasp and bee species invest relatively more time constructing and provisioning their nests than do females of social species. Differently from species that nest in the soil or construct exposed nests, the main factors affecting the reproductive success of solitary species nesting in preexisting wood holes are still unknown. Our objective is to provide an overview of the role of proximate causes of nesting failure or success among solitary wasps and bees (Aculeata), for designing effective conservation and management strategies for these Hymenoptera.

ABSTRACT. Effcets offorcst fragmcntatioo 00 solitary wasps aod bccs in Ccntral Amazonia. 11. VCI-tical stratifieation. The ef'fects oI' forest fragmentation on the pallerns ofvertical abundance and richness of'solilary wasp and bee communilies was investigated near Manaus, Amazonas. Wasps and bees were trap-nested at 1,5, 8and 15 mabove lhe ground in continuous primary forest and isolated forest fragments. Jn general, lhe numbel' oI' nests and species increased with height for both groups. In particular, bee species richness aI 15 mwas almosl lwice lhat at 1,5 m. However, one species ofTtypoxy/on Latreille, 1796 (Sphecidae) consistently nested in the understorey. Thus, patterns of abundance and richness distributions indicated stratification. A conlingency analysis showed lhat fi'agmentation altered stratification oI' nesting aclivily 01' lhe wasp cOl1ll1lunity in fragments. I-1owever, a similar pattern was nol found tor the bees. These results are discussed with particular reference to prey and floral resources availabilily and microciimalic conditions.

RESUMOO Parque nacional da Serra do Divisor (PnSD), localizado a noroeste do Estado do Acre, é considerado uma das áreas de maior diversidade da Amazônia. A importância de se considerar insetos em programas de conservação tem sido muito enfatizada. vespas solitárias e sociais são componentes muito importantes dos ecossistemas, devido à posição que ocupam nas redes alimentares. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação ecológica rápida da fauna de vespas do PnSD, para subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de manejo do referido parque. A amostragem foi realizada em 12 sítios de coleta, situados no interior de oito tipologias de vegetação. Os insetos foram coletados através de armadilhas Malaise, as quais foram expostas em todos os sítios por 24 horas, totalizando 288 horas de amostragem. Foram consideradas nas análises vespas das famílias Chalcididae, Eucharitidae, Evaniidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae e vespidae. Ao todo, foram coletados 366 indivíduos distribuídos em 40 gêneros e 85 espécies. Os gêneros Ephuta (Mutillidae), Trypoxylon (Crabronidae) e Conura (Chalcididae) foram os mais ricos em espécies. Os sítios localizados na região norte do PnSD, considerada zona intangível e zona primitiva, foram os mais ricos em espécies. Cerca de 65% das espécies foram exclusivas a um único sítio, o que significa que as amostras possuem pequena similaridade faunística. Algumas espécies coletadas são consideradas raras.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: vespas, Hymenoptera, Acre, Diversidade, Parque nacional da Serra do Divisor.Rapid ecological assessment of wasp fauna (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil ABSTRACTThe Serra do Divisor national Park (PnSD), located at the northwest of Acre State, Amazonia, is considered an area of great biodiversity. The question of considering insects in conservation programs. Solitary and social wasps are important components of the terrestrial ecosystems due to their position in trophic webs. The present study aimed at making a rapid ecological assessment of the wasps from the PnSD in order to support the elaboration of a conservation and management plan for that park. The insects were sampled in 12 sites located in eight forest types by Malaise traps that operated in each for 24 hours, totaling 288 hours of sampling. The results on the families Chalcididae, Eucharitidae, Evaniidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae and vespidae are presented here. On the whole, 366 wasps were collected representing 40 genera and 85 species. The genera Ephuta (Mutillidae), Trypoxylon (Crabronidae) and Conura (Chalcididae) were the most specious. The sites situated at the northern region of the PnSD, the intangible and primitive zones, were the most species rich. Some collected species were considered rare and about 65% of species were exclusive to only one site. This means that the samples have little faunal similarity.

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RESUMOMachos de abelhas Euglossina foram coletados entre dezembro de 2005 e setembro de 2006 em 11 áreas florestais de diferentes tamanhos na região de rio Branco, acre, amazônia Sul-ocidental. as abelhas foram atraídas por 6 substâncias odoríferas e coletadas com rede entomológica e armadilhas. Um total de 3.675 machos de Euglossina pertencentes a 4 gêneros e 36 espécies foi coletado. Eulaema cingulata (Fabricius) foi a espécie mais comum (24,6%), seguida por Eulaema meriana (olivier) (14,6%), Euglossa amazonica Dressler (10,5%), Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier (10,5%) e Eulaema pseudocingulata (oliveira) (7,2%). cineol foi a substância que atraiu maior número de indivíduos (23,8%) e metil salicilato o maior número de espécies (28) para ambos os métodos de coleta. Foram coletados 31 indivíduos pertencentes a 9 espécies portando polinários. o número acumulado de espécies coletadas na região estabilizou a partir da 48ª coleta. Poucas espécies foram abundantes, a maioria representada por menos que 50 indivíduos. a falta de um protocolo amostral padronizado tem limitado comparações entre trabalhos realizados em diferentes regiões. contudo, os resultados aqui apresentados indicam que o acre apresenta elevada riqueza dessas abelhas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: abelhas, acre, diversidadeFauna of Euglossina (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Southwestern Amazonia, Acre, Brazil ABSTRACT Male orchid bees were collected between December 2005 and September 2006 in 11 forest areas of different sizes in the region of rio Branco, acre, Southwestern amazonia, Brazil. the bees were attracted by 6 aromatic compounds and collected by insect nets and scent baited traps. a total of 3,675 males of Euglossina in 4 genera and 36 species were collected. Eulaema cingulata (Fabricius) was the most common (24.6%), followed by Eulaema meriana (olivier) (14.6%), Euglossa amazonica Dressler (10.5%), Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier (10.5%) and Eulaema pseudocingulata (oliveira) (7.2%). cineole was the scent that attracted the greatest number of individuals (23.8%) and methyl salicylate the greatest number of species (28) for both methods of sampling. thirty one bees of 9 species with pollinar orchid attached to their bodies were collected. the accumulative number of species stabilized after the 48 th collection. Few species were abundant; the great majority were represented by less than 50 bees. the lack of standardized sample protocols limited very much the conclusions derived from comparisons among the majority of studies on Euglossina assemblages. However, the results presented here suggest that the State of acre is very rich in those bees compared to other regions.

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