Effects of fragments and landscape characteristics on the orchid bee richness (Apidae: Euglossini) in an urban matrix, southwestern Amazonia

Local landscapes and microhabitat characteristics are important determinants of urban–suburban forest bee communities

“…, Cândido et al. , Proesmans et al. ), supporting the notion that plant diversity is critical throughout a landscape.…”

“…Although a moderate level of habitat disturbance can prove beneficial to bee diversity and abundance (Potts et al 2003, increased levels of human development and division of extant habitat can cause barriers to immigration as well as changes in community structure (Steffan-Dewenter 2003, Bommarco et al 2010. The composition of natural vegetation in the surrounding landscape significantly influences native pollinator communities (Steffan-Dewenter et al 2002, Cândido et al 2018, Proesmans et al 2019, supporting the notion that plant diversity is critical throughout a landscape. Landscape composition and inter-patch migration barriers strongly influence the ability of species to disperse, colonize new habitats, and occupy forest patches: For species with distinctly delimited habitats and an unsuitable matrix, as is commonly found with remnant forests in urbansuburban areas, community structure and interpatch differences may largely be driven by metapopulation dynamics (Ewers andDidham 2006, Wray et al 2014).…”

New and old records of Euglossa imperialis Cockerell, 1922 (Apidae, Apinae, Euglossini) for the Amazon rainforest, Cerrado, and Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…Although Brito et al (2017) suggested that this species is highly associated with forest habitats, it is known to occur in areas within the Cerrado domain (Rebêlo and Moure 1995;Rebêlo and Garófalo 1997;Nemésio and Faria Junior 2004;Henrique et al 2018), and it is frequently reported in gallery forests (Anjos-Silva 2006a; Silveira et al 2015), which may act as biodiversity corridors (Moura and Schlindwein 2009).…”

Species turnover and low stability in a community of euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) sampled within 28 years in an urban forest fragment

“…Whilst females collect pollen and nectar for brood cell provisioning and resin (in some cases mud, faeces, and pieces of bark) to construct their nests, males feed on nectar and gather aromatic compounds from flowers to be presumably used to attract females (Dodson 1966;Michener 2007;Roubik and Hanson 2004). Due to this unique behaviour of perfume collection, several studies and surveys have been performed by using synthetic volatile compounds as scent baits to lure bee males (Dressler 1982;Raw 1989;Botsch et al 2017;Cândido et al 2018;Ferronato et al 2018;Allen et al 2019;Pinto et al 2019). Another remarkable feature of euglossine bees is their great dispersal capacity that allows them to cross more than 20 km in a day in continuous forested areas (Janzen 1971;Raw 1989;Pokorny et al 2015).…”

“…Therefore, preserved forest fragments immersed in an anthropogenic matrix might act as important refuges for wildlife. Cândido et al (2018) sampled a diverse orchid bee fauna in 10 forest fragments ranging from 1.6 to 162.3 ha within the urban landscape of a city in the Amazon domain. Similar results were also documented by other authors in different forest fragments located within urban areas (Nemésio et al 2015;Cordeiro et al 2019) or surrounded by monocultures (Milet-Pinheiro and Schlindwein 2005).…”