The orchid-bee fauna of the region of Porto Velho, in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, close to the southernmost limits of the Amazon Basin, was surveyed for the first time using five different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Five hundred and twenty-one males belonging to five genera and 29 species were collected with bait traps during 26 non-consecutive days from November, 2011 to January, 2012. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 and Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789) were the most common species in the region and, together, represented almost 50% of all collected bees. Although the observed richness conforms to similar inventories in the region, the diversity (H'= 2.43) found in the present study is one of the highest ever recorded for orchid bees in the Amazon Basin.Keywords: Amazon Forest, Apidae, Euglossina, euglossine bees.A fauna de abelhas-das-orquídeas (Hymenoptera: Apidae) de um remanescente florestal no extremo sul da Amazônia brasileira ResumoA fauna de abelhas euglossinas da região de Porto Velho, estado de Rondônia, Brasil, próxima ao limite setentrional da Bacia Amazônica, foi amostrada pela primeira vez com o uso de cinco diferentes compostos aromáticos para atrair machos dessas abelhas. Quinhentos e vinte e um machos pertencentes a cinco gêneros e 29 espécies foram coletados em armadilhas durante 26 dias não consecutivos entre novembro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 e Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789) foram as espécies mais comuns na região e, juntas, representaram quase 50% do total de abelhas capturadas. Embora a riqueza observada no presente estudo seja semelhante a de outros inventários na Amazônia brasileira, a diversidade encontrada (H'= 2,43) é uma das mais altas já verificadas para a região.Palavras-chave: Floresta Amazônica, Apidae, Euglossina, abelhas euglossinas.
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