Desenvolvimento do rudimento seminal em Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey. (Rubiaceae - Rubioideae - Spermacoceae)

Toni, Karen Lucia Gama De; Mariath, Jorge Ernesto de Araújo

doi:10.1590/s0100-84042004000100018

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…An example of naked nucellus is found in ovules of Houstonia, a close genus of Oldenlandia. Species, such as Galium palustre (Fagerlind 1937), Relbunium hypocarpium (Mariath & Cocucci 1997) and Borreria verticillata (Toni & Mariath 2004), present a reduced nucellus. Oldenlandia salzmannii belongs to the latter group, as the nucellus is made up only of 1-2 epidermal cells.…”

Section: Ovule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Spermacoceae tribe, Galati (1991) analyzed the largest number of species (17 taxa), and affirmed the anatropous position of ovules from early stages of development. Subsequent studies in the tribe have recorded variations of that character: for example in Borreria palustris (Cabaña Fader 2013) and Borreria verticillata (Toni & Mariath 2004), because the ovules present hemitropous positioning in the early stages acquiring the final anatropous position at the mature stage. On the other hand, Vijaya & Lakshmanan (1979) described ovules of the type amphitropous for Borreria stricta.…”

Section: Ovule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Spermacoceae tribe the studies of floral anatomy, vascularization and ovule development are isolated and scarce (Fagerlind 1937;Galati 1991;Toni & Mariath 2004;Vaes et al 2006). Moreover, in the HedyotisOldenlandia complex, palynological, embryological and anatomical studies are also scarce, mostly focusing on African and Asian species (Lewis 1964;1965;Shivaramaiah & Rajan 1972;Neupane et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morpho-anatomical and morphometric studies of the floral structures of the distylous Oldenlandia salzmannii (Rubiaceae)

2016

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Th e genus Oldenlandia (Rubiaceae) has a confl icting generic delimitation, with representatives that show diff erent fl oral syndromes. Oldenlandia salzmannii is a marshy herb that is widespread in South America. It is heterostylous, specifi cally distylous, and self-compatible. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies found that this species forms a clade that is isolated from the remaining described taxa of Oldenlandia. Information about the fl oral anatomy and reproductive biology of genera in the Spermacoceae tribe, particularly Oldenlandia, is insuffi cient, especially among the neotropical species. Accordingly, the present study aimed at contributing information on the reproductive biology of Oldenlandia salzmannii by analyzing its fl oral morpho-anatomy, morphometrics and phenology of both fl oral morphs. Th ese analyses were conducted with natural, cultivated and fi xed material using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Morphologically, the species is typically heterostylous with two fl oral morphs, long-styled and short-styled, the main diff erence being the indument of the corolla. Th e short-styled fl owers have larger anthers and pollen grains. Morphometrics show a high degree of herkogamic reciprocity. Th e mature ovules have a hemitropous position, which is the fi rst record of this position for the Spermacoceae tribe. Th is study represents the fi rst comprehensive morphological study of Oldenlandia salzmannii.

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Section: Ovule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ovule Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morpho-anatomical and morphometric studies of the floral structures of the distylous Oldenlandia salzmannii (Rubiaceae)

2016

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“…Among these species, the shrubby false buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata [L.]) is considered a rustic plant because it develops in acidic and poor soils (Kissmann and Groth, 2000). This plant is native to Brazil, where it is widely distributed and infests pastures, unoccupied areas and perennial crops, and it was recently reported as a problem in Luiz Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia because it escaped herbicide control during crop desiccation operations (MCT, 2002;Toni and Mariath, 2004). Per Caldeira et al (2014), the best chemical control option is 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + picloram.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf characterization of Spermacoce verticillata at three stages of development

Fadin¹,

Monquero²

2019

Aust J Crop Sci

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Weed control is an essential practice in crop management. However, the use of herbicides may not be effective in certain situations, such as when problems are encountered in the application technology and when tolerant individuals and resistant biotypes are observed. In the cotton producing areas of the state of Bahia, Brazil, Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonweed) is not effectively controlled during burndown applications. During different developmental stages, plants can modify their leaves’ anatomical structures, which may influence herbicide control by modifying the retention, absorption, translocation and final effect of the chemical. This study assessed the morphological and histological differences in Spermacoce verticillata leaves at different stages of development. Leaves were collected from plants at different phenological stages (2-4 leaves, 4-6 leaves and flowering) and subjected to histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses. In the histological analysis, four leaves were collected from the upper nodes. The evaluated characteristics were the total leaf blade thickness, palisade and spongy parenchymal thicknesses, cuticle and epidermal cell thicknesses on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces and midrib height and width. Surface analyses were performed by observing the leaves under a scanning electron microscope. As the developmental stages of Spermacoce verticillata advanced, the plants began to show reduced leaf thickness due to the decreased abaxial epidermal thickness, transport vessel size and parenchymal thickness. At more advanced stages of development (4-6 leaves and flowering), the adaxial leaf surfaces showed fewer stomata and more trichomes.

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“…When associated with agricultural crops, such as rice, it can lead to yield losses greater than 40% (Dias‐Filho, ; Cerqueira et al ., ). In recent years, several cases of herbicide control failures have been reported in burndown operations, including for glyphosate (MCT, ; Toni & Mariath, ; Magi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and translocation of glyphosate in Spermacoce verticillata and alternative herbicide control

Fadin¹,

Tornisielo²,

Barroso

et al. 2018

Weed Research

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Glyphosate has been associated with control failures for Spermacoce verticillata in some Brazilian States. The objective of this work was to evaluate and determine the possible causes of this and propose alternative herbicides to use. Glyphosate was applied at three plant stages of development (2-4 leaves, 4-6 leaves and full bloom) where foliar absorption and translocation of glyphosate to various plants parts and time were analysed using the 14 C technique. Data were submitted to nonlinear regressions and analysis of variance, where means were compared by a Tukey test at 5% probability. Plant control by the application of different herbicides (19) in the same three stages of development of weed was evaluated. Twenty-one days after herbicide application, control was visually evaluated and data analysed and means were compared.Due to absorption and/or translocation problems, S. verticillata plants were not controlled by glyphosate. Plants with 4-6 leaves showed lower absorption and translocation of the herbicide to the leaf/root regions compared with plants at the beginning of their development. Plants at full bloom showed lower translocation of the herbicide to the root. In addition to the application of glyphosate at early stages of development, the application of paraquat, flumioxazin and mixtures of glyphosate with flumioxazin or cloransulam is recommended. Late applications could result in poor control, principally if glyphosate is used. Therefore, early applications are strongly recommended for control of this species.

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Desenvolvimento do rudimento seminal em Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey. (Rubiaceae - Rubioideae - Spermacoceae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Morpho-anatomical and morphometric studies of the floral structures of the distylous Oldenlandia salzmannii (Rubiaceae)

Morpho-anatomical and morphometric studies of the floral structures of the distylous Oldenlandia salzmannii (Rubiaceae)

Leaf characterization of Spermacoce verticillata at three stages of development

Absorption and translocation of glyphosate in Spermacoce verticillata and alternative herbicide control

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