Patotipos de Escherichia coli causadores de diarreia em bezerros: uma atualização

Coura, Fernanda Morcatti; Lage, Andrey Pereira; Heinemann, Marcos Bryan

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2014000900001

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…coli characterized by PCR for virulence genes obtained from the feces of dogs were mostly from phylogroups B1 and E. This finding reinforces the possible connection between E. coli strains and diarrhea in dogs, since intestinal pathogenic E. coli are mostly B1 and E (CLERMONT et al, 2011) and the virulence genes identified are associated with diarrhea in humans and other animals (MAINIL, 2013;COURA et al, 2014;.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Detection of virulence genes and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Brazil

et al. 2018

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Detecção de genes de virulência e grupos filogenéticos de amostrasEscherichia coli isoladas de cães no Brasil INTRODUCTIONEscherichia coli are a component of normal intestinal microbiota in humans and other animals. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics allow the identification of E. coli pathogenic strains or pathovars (COURA et al., 2014). Dogs are colonized by E. coli during the first days of their life and some strains can cause enteric or extra-intestinal infections (BEUTIN, 1999 (BEUTIN, 1999). Other pathovars are associated with diarrhea in other animals, namely enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (MAINIL, 2013). Because of the close contact with humans, dogs could increase the risk of transmitting potentially zoonotic microorganisms, such as EPEC and STEC (BEUTIN, 1999).In addition to the pathotype and pathovar classification, E. coli strains can be assigned to one of the seven phylogenetic groups, including A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F (CLERMONT et al., 2013). E. coli genomic structure has shown that the strains belonging to different phylogroups are associated with the disease state and source of isolation (CLERMONT et al., 2013). The extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains are clustered mostly in groups B2 and D and intestinal pathogenic E. coli are mostly in phylogroups A, B1, and E (ESCOBAR- PÁRAMO et al., 2004; CLERMONT et al., 2011). Although phylogenetic characterization is an important tool to improve the understanding of E. coli populations and the relationship between strains and disease (CLERMONT et al., 2011;COURA et al., 2015), few studies have determined phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolated from dogs worldwide, and of those that did, the most frequently used method was a triplex PCR method developed by CLERMONT in 2000. This method is only capable of determining phylogroups A, B1, B2, and D (HARADA et al., 2012;SALVARANI et al., 2012;SCHMIDT et al., 2015) instead of the seven phylogroups that were detected in this study. In Brazil, only two studies identified E. coli pathovars associated with diarrhea in dogs (ALMEIDA et al., 2012;PUÑO-SARMIENTO et al., 2013), but none determined the phylogenetic groups of E. coli. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the virulence genes, pathovars, and phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains isolated from the feces of dogs with and without diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samplesStool samples were collected from 154 dogs, of which 92 were diarrheic and 62 were without diarrhea. Samples from diarrheic dogs were obtained directly from the rectum, at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte city), upon admission. Collections were performed from dogs that were undergoing a consultation for the occurrence of diarrhea. With owner's consent, fecal samples from non-diarrheic animals were obtained from the dogs of students attending the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. For non-diarrheic dogs, fecal samples were either taken directly from the rectum or after spontaneous ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics allow the identification of E. coli pathogenic strains or pathovars (COURA et al, 2014). Dogs are colonized by E. coli during the first days of their life and some strains can cause enteric or extra-intestinal infections (BEUTIN, 1999 (BEUTIN, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of virulence genes and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…E. coli is a component of normal intestinal microbiota of calves; however, its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics allow the identification of pathogenic strains or pathovars (Croxen et al 2013). Different pathovars cause diarrhea in calves, such as Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC) (Moxley and Smith 2010;Coura et al 2014Coura et al , 2015aKolenda et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility and phylotyping profile of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Souto

Coura

Dorneles

et al. 2016

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The aims of the present study were to determine (i) the profiles of phylogroup and (ii) the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves, and of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Sixty-one pathogenic E. coli strains and Salmonella spp. (n = 24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves and Salmonella spp. (n = 39) strains previously isolated from fecal samples of growing/finishing pigs were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar dilution method was determined for nalidixic acid, amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin. Tetracycline was the antimicrobial that presented the higher frequency of resistance among E. coli strains, followed by ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and cefoxitin. E. coli (n = 61) strains isolated from calves belonged to different phylogroup namely, phylogroup A (n = 26), phylogroup B1 (n = 31), phylogroup E (n = 3), and phylogroup F (n = 1). Phylogroups B2, C, and D were not identified among the E. coli in the present study. All Salmonella spp. (n = 24) strains isolated from fecal samples of calves were susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to nalidixic acid and cefoxitin was detected in 16.66 and 8.33 % of the Salmonella spp. strains, respectively. Among the Salmonella spp. (n = 39) strains isolated from fecal samples of pigs, the higher frequency of resistance was observed to tetracycline, followed by amoxicillin, gentamicin, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, and norfloxacin. All strains were susceptible to amikacin. Forty-eight (78.68 %) of the E. coli strains were classified as multidrug-resistant, whereas among Salmonella spp. strains, the percentage of multidrug resistance was 57.14 %, being all multidrug-resistant strains isolated from pigs (92.30 %). The results from the present study indicate a high frequency of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from calves and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from pigs and a high rate of susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested among Salmonella spp. strains isolated from calves. Our study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from food-producing animals in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

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“…O prejuízo econômico causado pela diarreia gira em torno de 20% a 52%, com custos totais em relação a doenças entéricas equivalentes a US$ 33,46 bezerro/ano e com mortalidade podendo chegar até 34% [16]. Neste contexto, E. coli é descrita como uma das principais causas de diarreia de etiologia bacteriana em bezerros no mundo [3,[6][7][8]25]. Entretanto, a identificação de fatores de virulência é necessária, pois a E. coli é uma enterobactéria presente no trato gastrointestinal de bezerros, para comprovação de sua patogenicidade.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

Júnior

Cunha

Pereira

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enteropathogen that commonly causes diarrhea in calves. However, not all E. coli isolates are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to identify E. coli virulence factors derived from fecal samples collected in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) from calves with and without diarrhea, as well as investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates from calves with diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty stool samples were collected in 12 farms, each one from calves having one day to six months of age, with and without diarrhea. The total DNA of from these isolates was extracted and a PCR using primers specific for the virulence factors Stx1, Eae, F41, F5 and STa was conducted. The susceptibility testing used the disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profile was evaluated against the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. From all calves, 15 (15/40, 37.5%) had diarrheal stools and 25 (25/40, 62.5%) had normal or semi-liquid stools. Twelve (12/40; 30%) E. coli isolates showed at least one virulence factor. These factors were found in four isolates (4/15; 26.6%) from diarrheal stools and eight isolates (8/25; 28.5%) from normal stool. The Stx1 factor was identified in five isolates (5/40; 12.5%), and the Eae and the Sta factors in one (1/40; 0.2%) and in atypical associations between Stx1 and Eae and also between Eae and F41 in two isolates (2/40; 0.5%). Also, the Eae and Sta factors were identified in one isolate (1/40; 0.2%). The susceptibility test showed resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in 93% and 80% of the tested isolates, respectively.Discussion: The identification of virulence factors is necessary because E. coli is an enterobacterium present in calves gastrointestinal tract, to prove its pathogenicity. The virulence factor most commonly found in E. coli isolates derived from feces of calves with and without diarrhea in the southern region of the RS was the Stx1 (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli STEC). It is likely that the highest occurrence of E. coli isolates positive for the Stx1 virulence factor was due to the fact that cattle were the main reservoirs of this type of bacteria. The occurrence of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in animals of nine and 34 days of life, respectively, is highlighted. Studies have shown that contamination of animal foods with EHEC can cause enteric disorders, hemorrhagic colitis, and uremic hemolytic syndrome (UHS) in humans. Although in the present study the identification of the Stx2 factor was not performed, authors describe that the presence of the genes encoding Stx2 and Eae is determinant in the occurrence of UHS. In the susceptibility test, it was observed that E. coli isolates from diarrheal stools showed resistance to antimicrobials penicillin (10 mg) and tetracycline (30 mg) [93% and 80%, respectively], ampicillin (10 mg) [47%], streptomycin (10 mg) [47%], trimethoprim (5 mg) [47%] and sulfonamide (300 mg) [53%]. Although the percentage of antimicrobial resistance varies among studies, it is believed that the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial therapies as a common practice among rural properties contributes to bacterial resistance to these drugs. The sensitivity profile to antimicrobials showed that the analyzed Escherichia coli isolates are resistant to the antimicrobials commonly used for diarrhea treatment in the southern region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil.

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Patotipos de Escherichia coli causadores de diarreia em bezerros: uma atualização

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Detection of virulence genes and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Brazil

Detection of virulence genes and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in Brazil

Antimicrobial susceptibility and phylotyping profile of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from calves and pigs in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Identification of Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolates from Fecal Samples of Calves in Southern Brazil

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