Mielomalácia hemorrágica progressiva em 14 cães

D, Zilio; Arias, Mônica Vicky Bahr

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2013000200014

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This alteration occurs frequently in dogs and is usually associated with extramedullary pressure, as in intervertebral disc disease (Lahunta & Glass 2009). Lymphoma as a cause of hemorrhagic myelomalacia was previously described in horses (Rousseaux et al 1989), cats (Laisse et al 2017) and dogs (Zilio & Arias 2013), but to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports in cattle. The hemodynamic disturbances caused by epidural compression generate vascular stasis, blood perfusion failure, plasma protein extravasation, increased colloid osmotic pressure and consequent edema (Vandevelde et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine lymphoma affecting the spinal cord

et al. 2019

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Clinical and pathological features of bovine lymphoma involving the spinal cord were evaluated through a retrospective study of the necropsy database from 2005 to 2017. Thirty-four cases of bovine lymphoma were found, 24 of which had central nervous system involvement restricted to the spinal cord. All cattle were Holstein cows 2.5-12 years-old (median age, six years-old). The clinical course was 7-21 days, and the main neurological sign was pelvic limb paresis (81.8%). The lymphoma often affected the spinal cord in a multifocal manner. Lumbar segments were the mostly affected sites (23/24), followed by the sacral segments and cauda equina (20/24), cervical (5/24) and thoracic (5/24) segments. Tumors were in the epidural space, peripheral to the pachymeninges (extradural) and between layers of adipose tissue. In addition, two cases had progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia. Further organs affected included the lymph nodes (100%), abomasum (79.2%), heart (75%) and kidneys (45.8%). Microscopically, all lymphomas had a diffuse pattern, with no meningeal or medullar infiltration. According to the REAL/WHO classification, all these neoplasms were mature B-cell lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was observed in 95.8% (23/24) of the cases. The following subtypes were observed in the DLBCL group in descending order: immunoblastic (60.9%, 14/23), centroblastic (26.1%, 6/23), anaplastic (8.7%, 2/23) and T-cell rich (4.3%, 1/23).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine lymphoma affecting the spinal cord

et al. 2019

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“…Most commonly, it is a focal lesion limited to the epicenter of spinal cord damage, but sometimes myelomalacia may ascend and/or descend from the initial site of contusion. The latter phenomenon has been referred to as the ascending syndrome, ascending–descending diffuse myelomalacia, ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia, progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia, and progressive myelomalacia . Although generally uncommon, occurring in 9–13% of acute intervertebral disk herniation cases in which there has been loss of “deep pain” sensation, progressive myelomalacia is typically fatal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐shot Turbo Spin Echo Pulse Sequence Findings in Dogs With and Without Progressive Myelomalacia

Gilmour

Jeffery

Miles

et al. 2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Progressive myelomalacia is an uncommon type of ischemic, hemorrhagic spinal cord infarction. Diagnosis can be difficult, but prompt recognition is important. We hypothesized that cerebrospinal fluid signal attenuation on magnetic resonance (MR) images would be more extensive in dogs that developed progressive myelomalacia vs. control dogs. A retrospective analytic cohort study was designed. Dogs were included if they presented for acute paraplegia and loss of deep pain perception and had undergone MR imaging using both sagittal single-shot turbo spin echo (SSTSE) and standard sagittal T2-weighted fast spin echo (T2W) pulse sequences. Dogs were divided into progressive myelomalacia and control groups for comparisons. All MR examinations were evaluated by three reviewers blinded to patient outcome. Length of cerebrospinal fluid attenuation was recorded as a ratio to the length of the L2 vertebral body in SSTSE and T2W sequences (CSF:L2 and CSF:L2 , respectively). Length of intramedullary spinal cord hyperintensity was recorded as a ratio to the length of the L2 vertebral body in T2W sequences. A total of 21 dogs were included (five in the progressive myelomalacia group and 16 in the control group). The mean CSF:L2 attenuation value was significantly higher in dogs that developed progressive myelomalacia (CSF:L2 = 10.7) compared to controls (CSF:L2 = 5.4; P = 0.015). A cut off ratio of attenuation >7.4 provided optimal differentiation between groups in this study. Findings supported the conclusion that dogs with CSF:L2 ≤ 7.4 are unlikely to develop progressive myelomalacia while dogs with CSF:L2 > 7.4 are indeterminate for progressive myelomalacia.

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“…When the lesion is diffuse, it is called progressive haemorrhagic myelomalacia (TAYLOR, 2014). The main causes of myelomalacia are exogenous traumatic injuries of the spinal cord and intervertebral disc extrusion (LU et al, 2002;GIANOTTI et al, 2008;MACEDO et al, 2013;ZILIO;BAHR ARIAS, 2013;DE LA FUENTE et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affected animals frequently die because of breathing problems due to intercostal muscles and diaphragm paralysis (LU et al, 2002;ZILIO;BAHR ARIAS, 2013). A diagnosis of myelomalacia is based on the clinical history; presentation of progressive neurological spinal symptoms; findings from complementary exams, such as myelography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computer tomography; post-mortem findings; and the histopathological examination (LU et al, 2002;NEGRIN et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myelomalacia is widely reported in dogs (LU et al, 2002;PLATT et al, 2006;GIANOTTI et al, 2008;MACEDO et al, 2013;ZILIO;BAHR ARIAS, 2013) with few cases described in cats (NORTHINGTON;JULIANA, 1978;GÓMEZ et al, 2011;DE LA FUENTE et al, 2013). This paper reports the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of haemorrhagic myelomalacia associated with extradural T-cell lymphoma in a domestic cat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemorrhagic myelomalacia in a cat with extradural T-cell lymphoma

Laisse

Oliveira

Rolim

et al. 2017

SCA

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Myelomalacia is a term used to indicate the softening of the spinal cord, which results from ischaemic or haemorrhagic necrosis that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. A 10-month-old, female, mixed breed domestic cat exhibiting neurological symptoms was referred for evaluation. Neurological examination revealed symptoms consistent with thoracolumbar syndrome. Initial radiographic examination detected no changes of the thoracolumbar spine. The cat received a palliative treatment with tramadol hydrochloride and prednisolone. The patient did not respond to the treatment and one month later presented with worsening of symptoms that progressed to non-ambulatory paraplegia. Radiographic examination was performed a second time and revealed a mass inside the spinal canal at the L1 and L3 vertebral levels. The animal died and was sent for post-mortem examination. The necropsy revealed a greyish-white epidural mass inside the spinal canal that was compressing the spinal cord at the L1 and L3 vertebral levels. The spinal cord between T2 and L3 was reddish and friable. The pancreaticoduodenal lymph node was enlarged. Histologically, the spinal cord mass and pancreaticoduodenal lymph node presented neoplastic lymphocyte proliferation, and haemorrhagic myelomalacia was observed in the spinal cord from T2 to L3. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD3 antibody (T-cell lymphoma), and the lymphoid organs showed immunostaining for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Haemorrhagic myelomalacia due to extradural lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with spinal neurological signs. Key words: Cat. Spinal cord. T lymphocytes. FeLV. Immunohistochemistry. ResumoMielomalácia é um termo utilizado para indicar amolecimento da medula espinhal, decorrente de necrose isquêmica ou hemorrágica que pode ocorrer como sequela de lesão medular aguda. Um felino doméstico, sem raça definida, fêmea, 10 meses de idade, com sintomas neurológicos foi avaliado. O exame neurológico constatou sinais clínicos compatíveis com síndrome toracolombar. Na primeira avaliação, no exame radiográfico não foram observadas alterações na coluna vertebral toracolombar. respondeu ao tratamento e um mês após a primeira avaliação clínica, apresentou piora do quadro clínico apresentando então paraplegia não ambulatória. No segundo exame radiográfico foi observada uma massa radiopaca no interior do canal vertebral, comprimindo a medula espinhal entre L1 e L3. O felino veio a óbito e encaminhado para exame post-mortem. Na necropsia, foi observada no canal medular a presença de uma massa branco-acinzentada, extradural, comprimindo à medula espinhal no segmento entre as vértebras lombares L1 e L3. A medula espinhal entre T2 até L3 estava hemorrágica e friável. O linfonodo pancreaticoduodenal estava aumentado. Na avaliação histológica, a massa observada no canal medular e linfonodo pancreaticoduodenal apresentaram proliferação de linfócitos neoplásicos e a medula espinhal entre T2 e L3 apre...

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Mielomalácia hemorrágica progressiva em 14 cães

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine lymphoma affecting the spinal cord

Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine lymphoma affecting the spinal cord

Single‐shot Turbo Spin Echo Pulse Sequence Findings in Dogs With and Without Progressive Myelomalacia

Haemorrhagic myelomalacia in a cat with extradural T-cell lymphoma

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