Intoxicação por Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae) em ovinos e caprinos

Abstract

ABSTRACT.-Vasconcelos J.S., Riet-Correa F., Dantas A.F.M., Medeiros R.M.T., Galiza G.J.N., Oliveira D.M. & Pessoa A.F.A. 2008 Mascagnia rigida is the most important toxic plant for cattle in the Northeastern region of Brazil, causing sudden death during exercise. The objectives of this research were to report three outbreaks of poisoning by M. rigida in sheep and one in goats in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, to reproduce experimentally the disease, and to determine if the active principle of the plant is eliminated through the milk. The outbreaks occurred at beginning of the raining season, when the plant sprouts ahead other forages, or after the end of the raining season, when M. rigida stayed green and other forages had dried. In the experimental reproduction of the poisoning doses of 10 and 20g of M. rigida per kg body weight from two different regions were lethal to 3 goats and 3 sheep. One goat that ingested 20g/kg and a sheep that ingested 10g/kg recovered. Two sheep and two goats that ingested 5g/kg had mild clinical signs and recovered. Clinical signs of experimental and spontaneous cases were ingurgitation of the jugular veins, reluctance to move, sternal recumbence, incoordination, respiratory distress, depression, instability, and muscular tremors. Death occurred after a clinical manifestation period of about 4 min to 27h40min. The main lesions were pulmonary edema and vacuolization and necrosis of epithelial cells in some renal tubules. To test if the active principle of M. rigida causes sudden deaths in newborn lambs and kids, 2g/kg of the plant were given daily to two goats and five sheep in the 15 days previous to parturition. One sheep aborted two lambs, 5 days before parturition. The four lambs of the other four sheep ingested the colostrum without problems. The kid from one goat ingested the colostrum and died suddenly 5 minutes after. The kid from the other goat died immediately after parturition before ingestion of colostrum. These results suggest that the active principle of M. rigida was eliminated through the milk at toxic doses for the kids. Management measures to prevent the poisoning are recommended.INDEX TERMS: Toxic plants, Mascagnia rigida, Malpighiaceae, sudden death, fluoroacetic acid, semiarid, small ruminants.

Resistance transferance of Amorimia septentrionalis poisoning in goats by ruminal transferance fluid from goats with induced resistance by the inoculation of sodium monofluoroacetate-degrading bacteria

“…In the Krebs cycle, the MFA present in A. septentrionalis is transformed into fluorocitrate, and during this process, there is a drop in ATP production, which leads to blocking a series of energy-dependent metabolic processes (CLARKE, 1991) that can destabilize calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. The clinical signs exhibited by animals of Group 2 and the vacuolation of epithelial cells of distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys observed in the single animal that died are similar to those described previously in ruminants poisoned by MFA-containing plants (MEDEIROS et al, 2002;RIET-CORREA et al, 2006;SILVA et al 2008;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008;TOKARNIA et al, 2012;DUARTE et al, 2014).…”

Perfil bioquímico sanguíneo na intoxicação experimental com extrato de Mascagnia rigida (A. Juss.) Griseb. (Malpighiaceae) em coelhos

“…A porcentagem de CK-MB em relação ao valor total de CK fornece um dado confiável quando se avalia uma possível lesão do miocárdio, pois valores aumentados de CK-MB acompanhados de aumento de CK podem ser resultantes de esforço físico, por exemplo. Porém, quando se observa aumento de CK-MB não acompanhado de aumento da CK total, a porcentagem dessa isoenzima fica elevada, comprovando lesão específica do músculo cardíaco (Melo et al, 2008 limite (Horton et al, 1995), com concentrações plasmáticas de até 2ng/mL (Pinelli et al, 2002 (Gava et al, 1998;Vasconcelos et al, 2008), porém sem acompanhamento de urinálise e avaliação de provas bioquímicas da função renal. Portanto, não existe paralelo entre degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar dos túbulos contorcidos distais e da função renal.…”

“…Sob condições naturais, a intoxicação por M. rigida acomete principalmente bovinos (Medeiros et al, 2002), sendo descrita também em ovinos e caprinos (Vasconcelos et al, 2008) e jumentos (Silva et al, 2006). Experimentalmente, além das espécies descritas, a planta mostrou-se tóxica para coelhos (Medeiros et al, 2002;Cobucci et al, 2009), ratos (Cunha, 2008) e camundongos (Melo et al, 2008).…”

Intoxicação por Amorimia spp. em ruminantes

“…Sob condições naturais, a intoxicação por A. rigida ocorre principalmente na espécie bovina (TOKARNIA et al, 1961(TOKARNIA et al, , 1994MEDEIROS et al, 2002;SILVA et al, 2006;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008b); é menos frequente em caprinos (OLIVEIRA et al, 1978) e ovinos (PACÍFICO DA SILVA et al, 2008;LAGO et al, 2009). Experimentalmente, a intoxicação foi reproduzida nessas três espécies (TOKARNIA et al, 1961(TOKARNIA et al, , 1994SANTOS 1975;PARAGUASSU, 1983;PACÍFICO DA SILVA et al, 2008;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008a;LAGO et al, 2009).…”

“…No Brasil, são descritas sete espécies de Amorimia, dessas, cinco são comprovadamente tóxicas (A. rigida, A. septentrionalis, A. pubifl ora, A. exotropica e A. amazonica) (TOKARNIA et al, 1961;TOKARNIA & DOBEREINER, 1973;GAVA et al, 1998;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008a;LEE et al, 2012). Duas espécies ainda não foram relatadas como tóxicas (A. maritima e A. velutina) (LEE et al, 2012).…”