Immunoprophylactic strategies against enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in goats

The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Small Ruminants

“…This depicts that protective serum antibodies level is maintained for limited period of time in goats [199]. In another study, a booster dose after 40 days from first vaccination was found successful in generating satisfactory antibody levels in goat kids [198].…”

“…There is marked variation in immune response in sheep and goats against toxins. The commonly available commercial vaccines do not offer the proper protection in goats [6] [135] [198]. The goats with titre below 0.1 IU/ml were found to be unprotected [6] while titre of 0.25 IU/ml is considered protective in goats [135].…”

Development of a Double-Recombinant Antibody Sandwich ELISA for Quantitative Detection of Epsilon Toxoid Concentration in Inactivated Clostridium Perfringens Vaccines

“…Previous studies reported many problems with commercial enterotoxemia vaccines such as differences in antigen concentration and potency of the vaccine from batch to batch and this cause inequality of antigens level distributed in each injection vial [8,11,15,16] so the potency of the vaccine varies from batch to batch [9,10,17]. For detection and the measurement of the C.…”

“…these vaccines usually have variable immunogenicity and have many production defects, such as quality control steps, standardization that antigen concentration and potency of the vaccine is varies from batch to batch [8][9][10][11]. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods for detection and the quantitative measurement of antigen in each batch.…”

Cinética dos anticorpos de origem colostral contra a toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D em cordeiros

“…Em caprinos, Veschi et al (2006) evidenciaram que a oferta de colostro heterológo de vacas imunizadas aos sete meses de gestação e reforço da dose 28 dias antes da parição não induziu a imunização passiva de cabritos nos primeiros dias de vida. A mensuração da eϐiciência e da eϐicácia das vacinas contra a enterotoxemia ovina causada pela toxina épsilon pode ser estabelecida pela redução do número de mortes e sinais clínicos no rebanho.…”