Qualidade da aplicação aérea líquida com uma aeronave agrícola experimental na cultura da soja (Glycine Max L.)

Abstract

RESUMO:Os avanços da tecnologia de aplicação aérea de agroquímicos têm-se dado na direção de redução do volume de calda, o que pode ocasionar má distribuição e consequente deposição irregular. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da aplicação de calda de pulverização em aplicação aérea, na cultura da soja (Glycine Max L.). Para a aplicação, foi utilizada uma aeronave agrícola experimental, aplicando um volume de calda de 20 L ha -1 . Para a determinação dos volumes depositados nas folhas do terço superior, médio e inferior das plantas de soja, foi utilizado corante alimentício azul brilhante adicionado à calda de pulverização. Estas folhas foram lavadas, e o volume determinado por espectrofotometria. Para a obtenção do espectro de gotas, foram utilizados alvos artificiais constituídos por papel hidrossensível, distribuídos no terço superior e médio das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de fator único, considerando as diferentes posições na planta, e cartas de controle foram feitas a partir dos limites inferior e superior de controle. A aplicação aérea de calda de pulverização na cultura da soja apresentou menores valores de diâmetro da mediana volumétrica, amplitude relativa e cobertura no terço médio em relação ao terço superior da cultura da soja. Houve menor deposição da calda de pulverização no terço inferior. Os indicadores de cobertura da calda de pulverização demonstraram que a aplicação aérea com a aeronave agrícola experimental avaliada não se encontra sob controle estatístico de processo, ou seja, fora do padrão de qualidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tecnologia de aplicação, aviação agrícola, controle estatístico. LIQUID AERIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATION QUALITY WITH AN EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT IN SOYBEAN CROP (Glycine Max L.)ABSTRACT: Advances in aerial pesticide application technology of chemicals have been given in the direction of reducing the syrup volume, which can cause poor distribution and consequent irregular deposition. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the syrup spray on aerial application in soybean crop (Glycine Max L.). For the application, an experimental agricultural aircraft was used, applying a spray volume of 20 L ha -1 . A bright blue food coloring added to the syrup spray was used for the determination of the volumes stored in the leaves of the upper third, middle and bottom of the soybean plants. These leaves were washed, and the volume determined by spectrophotometry. To obtain the drops spectrum were used artificial targets set by water sensitive paper, distributed in the middle and upper third of the plants. Data were submitted to analysis of variance with a single factor, considering the different positions in the plant, and control cards were made from the lower and upper control limits. The aerial application of syrup spray in the soybean crop had lower values of the volumetric median diameter, relative amplitude and coverage on the middle third in relation of the upper third of the soybean crop. There was less of the syrup...

Aerial and Ground Application of Fungicide in Corn Second Crop on Diseases Control

“…The umbrella effect, formed by the upper leaves, should be considered because it may interfere with the fungicide spray distribution to the lower third. These results are in agreement with CUNHA et al (2010) that carried out fungicide application in corn and found similar results.…”

“…REIS et al (2010), evaluating the application quality of spray in aerial application, noted similar characteristics, where smaller VMD values were found in the lower thirds of the crop. Analyzing the drops characteristics captured by sensitive papers in the aerial treatment in 2014, there was a malformation in the drops deposit, showing a scattered form, not producing on its formation, spray drop spectrum but stains drops, especially in the upper third of the corn.…”

Fungicide application using a trailing boom in soybean fields

“…In the target kit ® system, spray hydraulic circuit nozzles are set in a bar and dragged on the crop, assuming greater coverage of the lower leaves of soybean, where the infection of diseases starts, as claimed by ALMEIDA et al (2005), CALLA et al (2009), REIS et al (2010) and CUNHA et al (2011. Since the motion of most fungicides is acropetal (SWOBODA & PEDERSEN, 2009;ANTUNIASSI et al, 2011 andLENZ et al 2011), spraying the base of plants suggests significantly a more effective control of the diseases when compared to sprayings by tips distant from the apex of soybean plants.…”

“…Thus, the lower third of plant presents ideal environmental conditions since it keeps the leaf wetness for a longer period of time. Likewise, it is here that the coverage and penetration of the fungicide are more adversely affected by the leaf weight of tops to form a barrier spraying, favoring the pathogen (ALMEIDA et al 2,005;CALLA et al 2,009;REIS et al, 2010;CUNHA et al, 2011). Like most systemic fungicides suitable for chemical control of soybean foliar diseases move in the direction of the base to the apex of the plant, the leaves of the lower third of the plant become the target of spraying (SWOBODA & PEDERSEN, 2009;ANTUNIASSI et al, 2011;LENZ et al, 2011).…”

Deposition, Endo-drift and Exo-drift in the Pulverization in Coffee With Different Equipment

“…All the samples were analyzed in the Agronomic Laboratory of Soil, Leaf and Water Analysis (LAGRO) at the University Center of North of Espirito Santo of the Federal University of Espírito Santo. The tracer deposition in these samples (coffee leaves, Petri dishes, plastic labels, and weeds) were performed using visible UV spectrophotometry (Reis, Queiroz, Cunha, & Alves, 2010).…”