Desempenho operacional de um protótipo "aerossolo"

Abstract

RESUMO: O desempenho operacional de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas é de fundamental importância para o conhecimento do comportamento desses em condições de trabalho. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional de um protótipo "Aerossolo", tracionado por um trator Valtra BM100 4x2 TDA, com potência no motor de 73,6 kW (100 cv). O equipamento é de arrasto, constituído por comando hidráulico, cabeçalho com luva telescópica para regulagem longitudinal, duas seções dispostas lateralmente, contando com 28 lâminas em cada uma delas, lastros de concreto, rodas de transporte e rolo destorroador. O trabalho foi conduzido no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da UNESP -Jaboticabal, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições. A combinação dos nove tratamentos deu-se por três condições de lastragens (0; 960 e 1.307 kg) e três ângulos das seções (0º; 7º e 14º). Os resultados evidenciaram aumento de 32,4% no consumo operacional (L há -1 ) relacionado à maior lastragem, bem como em 26,8% com o maior ângulo das seções, ambos comparados à condição sem lastro e com menor ângulo, respectivamente. A profundidade de trabalho, a força de tração e a potência na barra aumentaram com o aumento do ângulo das seções e com a adição de lastros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:força de tração, velocidade de deslocamento, consumo de combustível. OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF AN "AEROSSOLO" PROTOTYPEABSTRACT: It is been a great deal of interest the studying of the operational performance of tractors and its machinery especially in work conditions. The present study had as objective to evaluate the operational performance of an "Aerossolo" prototype tracked with a Valtra BM100 4x2 TDA, with the engine power of 73.6 kW (100 cv). The prototype equipment is a drag type, hydraulically commanded, with telescopic heading for longitudinal adjustment, two lateral sections with 28 knifes in each one of them, concrete ballasts, wheels of transport and aggregate breaker coil. The work was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, in a randomized blocks design, factorial 3 x 3, with four repetitions. The nine studied treatments were a combination for three ballast conditions (0; 960 and 1,307 kg) and three angles of the sections (0º; 7º and 14º). The results indicate an increase in operational consumption (liters per hectare) of 32.4% in relation to the concrete ballast addition, and a 26.8% in relation to the angle variation between sections. The working depth, traction force and power demands were higher with the increases in the concrete ballast and the angle variation between sections.

Performance of Corn Sowing in Fertilization System and Intercropping

“…Studies have shown that when the depth of the furrow rod is increased, the tractive force requirement increases (Lopes et al, 2010;Palma et al, 2010) when working at lower speeds, the required force increases (Francetto et al, 2015). However, in this experiment, even with the removal of the furrow rod fro m the fertilization system in pre-sowing, there was no decrease in TF.…”

“…The TF can be affected by the active organs in contact with the soil, as well as by the depth of the work (Lopes et al, 2010;Palma et al, 2010;Francetto et al, 2015). Studies have shown that when the depth of the furrow rod is increased, the tractive force requirement increases (Lopes et al, 2010;Palma et al, 2010) when working at lower speeds, the required force increases (Francetto et al, 2015).…”

“…Low slipping values can occur due to over-ballasting or over-scaling of the machine, wh ich can increase working depth, pulling force and power in the drawbar (Lopes et al, 2010).The FS was affected by the joint action of fertilizat ion systems and intercropping (Table 5). The data of the coefficient of variation for slippage are close to those verified by Chioderoli et al (2010), however, three t imes higher than the value reported by Furlani et al (2004) under no-tillage system, which can be attributed to the different edaphoclimat ic conditions, as well as to the management of straw in the area in question.…”

Disk harrow operational performance in three engine rotation speeds

“…However, bar average power results differed significantly between the three rotations, being higher for 220 rad s -1 (2100 rpm). Lopes et al (2010) stated that the traction bar power is related to traction force and operation speed, the latter influenced by work depth. Thus, the larger the work depth, higher the traction force, lower the movement speed and higher is the power required in the bar.…”

“…Where Ve is the effective working speed (km h -1 ) ∆S the plot distance (m) and ∆T the rout time (s). Having the Fbt and Ve data, the average power required in the traction bar was calculated (Pbt) according to Equation (2), suggested by Lopes et al (2010).…”