O plantio cruzado da soja consiste em semear a área em duas passadas de modo que a segunda fique perpendicular à primeira, formando um tabuleiro de xadrez. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e os custos de produção da cultura da soja quando semeada em diferentes arranjos de semeadura cruzada. O experimento foi realizado nas safras 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, em área cultivada em sistema de plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 5 tratamentos e 8 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: semeadura em linhas paralelas com adubação e população de plantas recomendada; semeadura cruzada com população e adubo em dobro; semeadura cruzada com população recomendada e adubo em dobro; semeadura cruzada com população em dobro e adubação recomendada; semeadura cruzada com população de plantas e adubo recomendado. Os resultados mostraram maior produtividade para o tratamento de semeadura cruzada com população de plantas em dobro e adubo recomendado; apesar disto, a semeadura convencional em linhas paralelas apresenta maior receita líquida do que a semeadura cruzada da soja sendo, então, mais rentável para o produtor.
SEMEADURA DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DE MECANISMOS DOSADORES E VELOCIDADE OPERACIONAL TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA1, ARTHUR GABRIEL CALDAS LOPES1, FRANCISCO FAGGION1, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA2, SAULO FERNANDO GOMES DE SOUSA3 1 Faculdade de Agronomia e Med. Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, CEP70910-900, Brasil, tiagocorreia@unb.br, Arthur.grb10@gmail.com, ffaggion@yahoo.com 2 Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, paulo.arbex@unesp.br 3 Agroefetiva consultoria Ltda, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, saulofgs@hotmail.com RESUMO: Dentre os mecanismos distribuidores de sementes disponíveis ao produtor de grãos, o de disco horizontal é amplamente utilizado, podendo ser convencional ou com tecnologia Titanium. Independentemente da escolha, ambos devem proporcionar correta distribuição longitudinal de sementes no sulco de semeadura, sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição longitudinal de sementes de soja por mecanismo dosador de disco horizontal convencional e Titanium em diferentes velocidades de semeadura. O experimento foi realizado em campo experimental do Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola da Universidade de Brasília. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo dosadores de sementes (convencional e Titanium) e velocidades de semeadura (4,5, 6,2 e 8,2 km h-1), com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações de espaçamentos aceitáveis, falhas e duplas; índice de precisão e desempenho qualitativo dos dosadores. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 5%). Velocidade de semeadura maior que 4,5 km h-1 provoca maior índice de falhas e duplas e diminui a precisão dos dosadores de disco horizontal. A 8,2 km h-1, o índice de aceitáveis do Titanium é 17% maior, falhas 33% menor e a precisão 19,8% maior. Palavras-chaves: distribuição longitudinal, falhas, plantabilidade, Titanium. SOYBEAN SOWING IN FUNCTION OF DOSING MECHANISMS AND OPERATIONAL SPEED ABSTRACT: Among the seed distribution mechanisms available to the grain producer, the horizontal disc is widely used, and can be conventional or with Titanium technology. Regardless of the choice, both should provide correct longitudinal distribution of seeds in the sowing furrow, therefore, the objective of the work was to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of soybean seeds per conventional horizontal disc dosing mechanism and Titanium at different sowing speeds. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field at the Agricultural Mechanization Laboratory at the University of Brasília. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with seed dosing device (Conventional and Titanium) and sowing speeds (4.5; 6.2 and 8.2 km h-1), with four replications. Evaluations of acceptable, failure and double spacing were performed; precision index and qualitative performance of dosing device. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Tukey test (p ≤ 5%). Sowing speed greater than 4.5 km h-1 causes a higher rate of failures and doubles and decreases the precision of the horizontal disk dosing. The speed of 8.2 km h-1 the acceptable rate of Titanium is 17% higher, failure is 33% lower and the precision 19.8% higher. Keywords: longitudinal distribution, flaws, plantability, Titanium.
Even with the current techniques of conservation tillage, mobilization is still a widely used practice, either in initial preparation as in reform of agricultural areas. In this context the harrows are widely used, mainly because of the good working capacity and high efficiency in tillage soil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the operating performance of a disc harrow in clay soil using different spins. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Lageado, belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences-UNESP Botucatu-SP. For accomplishment of the tillage was used a disk harrow, mark Tatu Marchesan model GAICR offset , with a cutting width of 2.57 m and consists of 20 cut disks of 0,71 m (28 inches) spaced at 0.27 m. To exert traction the disk harrow was used of tires tractor John Deere brand, model JD6600 with power 91.48 kW (121 hp) engine. The used treatments were three engine revolutions, 157 rad s-1 (1500 rpm), 189 rad s-1 (1800 rpm) and 220 rad s-1 (2100 rpm), and evaluated the working speeds achieved, effective field capacity, operational fuel consumption, working depth of the disc harrow, skating wheels of the tractor and drawbar force. The results indicated that most job rotation provided lower fuel consumption and greater field capacity. However, the increase in speed of work provided a reduction of working depth of the discs of the harrow.
ABSTRACT:One of the reasons for the success of a productive culture is the correct sowing. Therefore, the seeds must be properly dosed, deposited and not damaged by the metering mechanism of the seed drill. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate in a simulator the sorghum seed deposition by a metering mechanism with continuous flow in different conditions of slope and sowing speed, and evaluate the quality of the deposited seeds assessing mechanical damage and germination. The experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP in Botucatu-SP, being used a simulator equipped with seed metering mechanism of helical channelled rotor type. The experimental design was randomized in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with six replications. The factors were three lateral slopes drill, 3%, 8% and 16%, and two sowing speed, 4 and 10 km h -1 . For the damage and germination variables we added a control treatment whose seeds were evaluated without being distributed by the metering mechanism. The results indicate that increasing the lateral slope and working speed reduce the rate of seed deposition. The metering mechanism provides mechanical damage and contributes to the reduction of seed germination.
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