Levantamento e identificação dos símbolos gráficos utilizados para a caracterização de controles e comandos em máquinas agrícolas

Abstract

RESUMO:Os símbolos gráficos utilizados para indicar a função dos comandos e controles das máquinas agrícolas tornam a operação mais segura. Logo, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a simbologia existente nas máquinas agrícolas disponíveis nas quatro principais concessionárias de Santa Maria -RS. No levantamento, foram utilizados como parâmetros os símbolos gráficos recomendados pelas normas técnicas, sendo os existentes nas máquinas estudadas fotografados e posteriormente anotados em planilha. O resultado encontrado foi, em média, de 86%, em relação à utilização dos símbolos gráficos recomendados pelas normas, porém existe também a utilização de símbolos gráficos criados pela própria empresa, o que pode gerar dúvidas no operador da máquina agrícola, pois nem sempre o significado dos mesmos coincide com o descrito nas normas. Os resultados demonstraram que os fabricantes das máquinas agrícolas utilizam as normas existentes, mas ainda não o fazem de forma correta e homogênea. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:ergonomia, normas, símbolos gráficos. CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE GRAPHIC SYMBOLS USED FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTROLS AND COMMANDS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES ABSTRACT:The graphic symbols that indicate the function of the commands and controls of the agricultural machines, keep its safer operation. Therefore, this work had as objective, the identification of the existent ones in the available agricultural machines in the four principal concessionary of Santa Maria City -RS, Brazil, the rising were used as parameter, the graphic symbols recommended in the standards, and the existent ones in the studied machines were photographed and later logged in a spreadsheet. The conformities and nonconformities found were contained in a table for better visualization. The result found was average of 86%, in relation to the use of the graphic symbols recommended by the standards, however, there is the use of graphic symbols also created by the own company, what generates doubts in the operator of the agricultural machine, because not always the meaning of the same ones coincides with described in the standards. The results demonstrated that the fabricator of agricultural machines studied use the existent standards, fact this that leads the equality lack among the market placed products.

Ergonomic characterization of three sugar cane harvester machinery models

“…So the three evaluated agricultural harvesters had a C rating for they did not show function indicators which can be easily understood by operator as well as the position and the distance of control commands. Alonço et al (2006) stated that graphic symbols used to indicate machitrol functions accomplish a safer operation. Symbols were standardized according to Alonço et al (2007) after Regulatory Norm NBR 11379, aiming at standardizing graphic symbols for operational command identification and machinery maintenance.…”

Agricultural tractors conformity to the Brazilian traffic lighting and signaling legislation

“…This fact demonstrated that there is no supply uniformity by the manufacturing companies in lighting and signaling elements for traffic on agricultural tractors models. The agricultural machines manufacturers, despite knowing certain technical standards, do not use them in a correct and homogeneous way, what contribute to the tractors models offered in Brazil are not standardized (ALONÇO et al, 2006). BAESSO et al (2018) with the objective of observing the existence of ergonomics and safety items in agricultural tractors and comparing the results with the respective Brazilian laws, observed that 48% of the tractors studied did not meet these standards.…”

<b>Safety index for agricultural tractors

“…According to Alonço, Balestra, Dias, and Medeiros (2006), the graphic symbols used in agricultural machinery make the operation safer. However, according to Alonço, Machado, Ferreira, and Medeiros (2007), even though these pictographs are present in these machines, their understanding by the major agents in the process is greatly reduced.…”