RESUMO O milho e o feijão são semeados em praticamente todas as pequenas unidades familiares de produção
This study aimed to establish client and design requirements of a human-powered planter. A total of 13 client requirements and 13 design requirements were established for prioritizing planter performance, thus providing benefits to users.
ABSTRACT. The manufacture of agricultural machinery should follow the criteria that specify the existence and standardization of components and security systems, so as to make them safe. The aim of this study was to establish a checklist to classify agricultural tractors according to a safety index. The list was obtained through literature review and by checking norms and articles on Components and Security Systems (CSSs) that must be present on tractors in order to provide proper security. These CSS were grouped to form a checklist obtained by the Mudge diagram, whose function was to pair CSSs according to their relevance in order to organize them hierarchically. Subsequently, a spreadsheet with weighted CSSs was applied to 31 tractor models of 5 different brands, enabling the determination of their safety ratings by the addition of values of each CSS. A CSS checklist allowed obtaining a safety index listing tractors by the level of safety offered by each of them, thus enabling the tractor buyer to choose the one that offers lower risk of accidents in its use.Keywords: risk of accidents, mechanized farming, Mudge diagram.Índice de segurança em tratores agrícolas RESUMO. A fabricação de máquinas agrícolas deve obedecer às normas que especificam a existência e padronização de componentes e sistemas de segurança. No entanto, as marcas e modelos de tratores não possuem os mesmos componentes e sistemas de segurança em seus produtos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma lista de verificação para classificar os tratores agrícolas de acordo com um índice de segurança. A lista foi obtida levantando-se os Componentes e Sistemas de Segurança (CSS's), que devem estar presentes nos tratores agrícolas. Estes CSS's foram agrupados em ordem crescente de importância formando uma lista de verificação, obtida por meio do diagrama de Mudge, cuja função é relacionar aos pares os CSS's, a fim de hierarquizá-los. Após a planilha com os CSS's ponderados foi aplicada a lista de verificação a 31 modelos de tratores agrícolas de cinco diferentes marcas, possibilitando o estabelecimento dos seus índices de segurança, por meio do somatório dos valores de cada CSS' presente. A lista de verificação dos CSS's permitiu a obtenção de um índice de segurança, que relaciona os tratores, em função do grau de segurança que cada um oferece, possibilitando ao responsável pela seleção do trator a escolha daquele que possua menores riscos de acidentes na sua utilização.Palavras-chave: risco de acidentes, mecanização agrícola, diagrama de Mudge.
Estrutura funcional de uma semeadora de tração humana.
Pesticide environmental risks and increased weed resistance have encouraged studies for alternatives to herbicides. Among these are weed thermal control methods by controlled heat application machines. Thus, this study aimed to test a prototype of heat-applicator machine as a function of changes in gas pressure, travel speed, and tire traffic effect on plants. Then, three experimental factors were tested: gas pressure (98, 196, and 245 kPa), travel speed (0.56, 0.78, and 1.17 m s −1), and tire traffic effect on plants (with and without traffic). The results showed that tire traffic effect on plants and subsequent heat application had no effect on control rate. Weed control rates reached levels considered satisfactory using a heat application speed of 0.56 m s −1 associated with gas pressures of 245 or 196 kPa, as well as a heat application speed of 0.78 m s −1 associated with a gas pressure of 245 kPa. A total between 60.9 and 84.9 kg ha-1 liquefied petroleum gas was required for weed control of around 80%.
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