Período mínimo de colheita para avaliação de cultivares de cacau em Linhares-ES

Dias, Luíz Antônio dos Santos; Souza, Carlos Alberto Spaggiari; Augusto, Sebastião Geraldo; Siqueira, Paulo Roberto; Müller, Manfred

doi:10.1590/s0100-67622003000400010

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It has already been noted that Crinipellis causes uncommonly high fruit losses in Rondônia state due to vegetative infection. It is necessary to emphasise, however, that the continuity of the trial led to a change in results after attaining the mature tree yield period, also called climax age, which was achieved from the 8 th to the 10 th year of plantation according to Dias et al (2003b). To a certain extent, this had already been expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cacao yield in different planting densities

Souza¹,

Dias

Aguilar³

et al. 2009

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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The effect of six planting densities on cacao yield of a commercial hybrid mixture as well as the interaction of planting densities with the years were investigated. Crop data collected over a 14-year period (1977-1990) showed that it was possible to optimise the regional cacao yields by implementing high planting densities (2500 and 1736 trees ha -1 ). This was however only true for the first half of the crop period. In the second half, low planting density (1059 trees ha-1 ) attained the best yields. This change in the ranking of planting densities over the years confirmed the presence of density-year interaction. Alternatives to achieve high productivity in high planting density systems were presented and discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cacao yield in different planting densities

Souza¹,

Dias

Aguilar³

et al. 2009

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…Determining the optimal number of harvest years for genetic selection and evaluating GHI have been considered in previous studies (Carvalho et al, 2002(Carvalho et al, , 2003Dias & Kageyama, 1997;Dias et al, 2001Dias et al, , 2003. Selection decisions from these studies were based on estimates obtained from the least squares method (ANOVA).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of harvest years and selection for productivity, witches’ broom resistance, stability, and adaptability in cacao

et al. 2022

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A suitable statistical model for the analysis of repeated measures is a prerequisite for an accurate genetic selection of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate homoscedastic and heteroscedastic repeatability models, (b) estimate the optimal number of harvest years for genetic selection, and (c) identify and select biparental crosses with high productivity, witches' broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa Stahel & Philips-Mora) resistance, stability, and adaptability. Twenty biparental crosses were evaluated in a complete randomized blocks design, with seven replications and 12 trees per plot for 10 harvest years. Evaluated traits were number of healthy fruits (NHF), number of symptomatic fruits for witches' broom (NWBF), dry bean weight (DBW), and fruit index (FI). Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, and genotypic values were predicted by best linear unbiased prediction. The best-fitted repeatability model for each trait was indicated by Akaike's information criterion. The additive index was used for simultaneous selection for productivity, witches' broom resistance, stability, and adaptability. The heteroscedastic repeatability model showed the best fit for all traits. For HF, WBF, and FI, two and seven harvest years were sufficient for selection aiming at recombination and recommendation, respectively. For NWBF, evaluated only from the seventh year onwards, one harvest year was enough for recombination and three for recommendation. Five biparental crosses with high productivity, witches' broom resistance, stability, and adaptability were selected for recombination and/or for competition trials for recommendation. Such results can help define efficient strategies and optimize cacao breeding programs.

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“…For instance, traditional orchards in Ghana have an economic life cycle of 50-80 years, but for hybrid cocoa, with or without timber shade, the economic optimum has been estimated at 29 and 18 years, respectively (Obiri et al 2007;Mahrizal et al 2014). There is no single yield-age curve for cocoa that applies everywhere (Dias et al 2003;Spaggiari Souza et al 2009;Vigneri 2007;Ahenkorahh et al 1987;Upton 1966;Laryea 1969;Lass 1985;Ruf 2011;Smiley and Kroschel 2009;Montgomery 1981). For example, in Malaysia, cocoa starts yielding in the third year of age (400 kg ha −1 ), rising to an average (typical) yield by year 15 (950 kg ha −1 ); yields are maintained until 30 years of age and then decline rapidly until 40 years of age, when they are barely 200 kg ha −1 (Gotsch and Burger 2001).…”

Section: How Does Density Change With Age?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation and renovation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems. A review

Somarriba

Peguero

Cerda

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Cocoa farmers must decide on whether to rehabilitate (Rh) or to renovate (Re) a cocoa orchard when its productivity declines due to ageing, disease outbreaks or other causes. Deciding on Rh/Re is often a complex, expensive and conflictive process.In this review, we (1) explore the diversity of contexts, driving forces, stakeholders and recommended management practices involved in Rh/Re initiatives in key cocoa-producing countries; (2) summarise the often conflicting views of farmers and extension agents on Rh/Re programmes; (3) review the evidence of age-related changes in planting density and yield of cocoa, given the weight of these variables in Rh/Re decision processes; (4) describe the best known Rh/Re systems and their most common management practices; (5) propose an agroforestry Re approach that overcomes the limitation of current Rh/Re diagnosis protocols, which do not consider the regular flow of food crop and tree products, and the need to restore site soil quality to sustain another cycle of cultivation of cocoa at the same site; and (6) explore the effects of climate change considerations on Rh/Re decision-making and implementation processes.Each Rh/Re decision-making process is unique and highly context-dependent (household and farm, soil, climate, culture). Tailored solutions are needed for each farmer and context. The analysis, concepts and models presented for cocoa in this paper may also apply to coffee orchards.

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Período mínimo de colheita para avaliação de cultivares de cacau em Linhares-ES

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Cacao yield in different planting densities

Cacao yield in different planting densities

Number of harvest years and selection for productivity, witches’ broom resistance, stability, and adaptability in cacao

Rehabilitation and renovation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems. A review

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